%PDF-1.2 % 2 0 obj << /Length 2409 >> stream 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.3 w 10 M []0 d /GS1 gs 1 i 147 154 m 465 154 l S BT /F14 1 Tf 6.4 0 0 6.0925 238.98 172 Tm 0 g 0 Tc 0 Tw (U)Tj 8 0 0 8 244.196 172 Tm (.)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0925 246.4199 172 Tm (S)Tj 8 0 0 8 250.452 172 Tm (. )Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0925 256.6599 172 Tm 0.275 Tw (GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE)Tj 2.0844 -1.9696 TD 0 Tw (WASHINGTON )Tj 8 0 0 8 321.0655 160 Tm (: )Tj 6 0 0 6 194.18 144 Tm 0.0533 Tw (For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office)Tj -1.45 -1.3333 TD (Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov)Tj 13.6461 0 TD (Phone: toll free \(866\) 5121800; DC area \(202\) 5121800)Tj -9.8328 -1.3333 TD (Fax: \(202\) 5122250)Tj 10.4825 0 TD (Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 204020001)Tj -18.0425 5.3333 TD (82407 PDF)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0925 326 160 Tm 0 Tw (2002)Tj 8 0 0 8 400.22 690 Tm 0.2175 Tw (S. H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0925 418.1117 690 Tm 0 Tw (RG)Tj 8 0 0 8 427.7117 690 Tm 0.2175 Tw (. 107736)Tj /F15 1 Tf 12.42 0 0 18 148.48 670 Tm 0.1997 Tw (CUBAS PURSUIT OF BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS: FACT)Tj 9.4734 -1.1111 TD (OR FICTION?)Tj ET 0.5 w 147 639.24 m 465 639.24 l S 147 641.44 m 465 641.44 l S BT /F14 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 261 571 Tm 0 Tw (HEARING)Tj 7.2 0 0 6.8543 280.92 557 Tm (BEFORE)Tj 4.7442 0 TD (THE)Tj /F16 1 Tf 11.9 0 0 14 170.58 538 Tm /GS2 gs [( \012)-129.4( \012)-129.4(  \015 \012)-129.4(  \015 )]TJ 1.237 -1.1429 TD [(  \012)-129.4(\015\012)-129.4( \012)-129.4( \015\012)-129.4(\015)]TJ /F14 1 Tf 7.2 0 0 6.8543 291.32 507 Tm [(OF)-411.1(THE)]TJ /F16 1 Tf 15.3 0 0 18 160.22 482 Tm [( \012)-129.4( \012)-129.4(\015  \012)-129.4(\015  )]TJ 3.2078 -1.2222 TD [(  \012)-129.4( \012)-129.4(  )]TJ /F14 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 205.18 440 Tm 0.216 Tw (ONE HUNDRED SEVENTH CONGRESS)Tj 8 0 0 8 267.8 422 Tm 0.2175 Tw (SECOND SESSION)Tj ET 281 410.24 m 331 410.24 l S BT 8 0 0 8 278.18 392 Tm (JUNE 5, 2002)Tj ET 281 380.24 m 331 380.24 l S BT 8 0 0 8 190.88 362 Tm (Printed for the use of the Committee on Foreign Relations)Tj /F17 1 Tf 32 0 0 32 289.64 290 Tm 0 Tw ()Tj /F14 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 156.8 230 Tm 0.2175 Tw (Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/senate)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00001)-1076.9(Fmt 5011)-1076.9(Sfmt 5011)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 3 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F14 5 0 R /F15 6 0 R /F16 7 0 R /F17 8 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS1 9 0 R /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 12 0 obj << /FunctionType 0 /Domain [0 1] /Range [0 1] /BitsPerSample 8 /Size [256] /Length 271 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream H  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~  endstream endobj 13 0 obj << /FunctionType 0 /Domain [0 1] /Range [-1 1] /BitsPerSample 16 /Size [256] /Length 527 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream H  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ ? endstream endobj 14 0 obj << /FunctionType 0 /Domain [0 1] /Range [-1 1] /BitsPerSample 16 /Size [256] /Length 527 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream H  !"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\]^_`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~ ? endstream endobj 16 0 obj << /Length 2617 >> stream BT /F18 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 223.98 581 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0.1625 Tw (COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS)Tj 7 0 0 7 228.1 567 Tm 0.1629 Tw (JOSEPH R. BIDEN, J)Tj 5.6 0 0 5.3341 303.6072 567 Tm 0 Tw (R)Tj 7 0 0 7 307.6503 567 Tm 0.1629 Tw (., Delaware, )Tj /F19 1 Tf 6.1428 0 TD 0 Tw (Chairman)Tj /F18 1 Tf -29.0929 -1.4286 TD 0.1629 Tw (PAUL S. SARBANES, Maryland)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut)Tj T* (JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts)Tj T* (RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin)Tj T* (PAUL D. WELLSTONE, Minnesota)Tj T* (BARBARA BOXER, California)Tj T* (ROBERT G. TORRICELLI, New Jersey)Tj T* (BILL NELSON, Florida)Tj T* (JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER IV, West Virginia)Tj 23.1429 9.1429 TD (JESSE HELMS, North Carolina)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana)Tj T* (CHUCK HAGEL, Nebraska)Tj T* (GORDON H. SMITH, Oregon)Tj T* (BILL FRIST, Tennessee)Tj T* (LINCOLN D. CHAFEE, Rhode Island)Tj T* (GEORGE ALLEN, Virginia)Tj T* (SAM BROWNBACK, Kansas)Tj T* (MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming)Tj -8.7743 -2 TD 0 Tw (A)Tj 5.6 0 0 5.3341 252.6341 479 Tm (NTONY)Tj 7 0 0 7 276.8758 479 Tm 0.1629 Tw (J. B)Tj 5.6 0 0 5.3341 290.854 479 Tm 0 Tw (LINKEN)Tj 7 0 0 7 314.3957 479 Tm (, )Tj /F19 1 Tf 0.7189 0 TD 0.1629 Tw (Staff Director)Tj /F18 1 Tf -13.9897 -1.1429 TD 0 Tw (P)Tj 5.6 0 0 5.3341 226.1691 471 Tm (ATRICIA)Tj 7 0 0 7 253.7147 471 Tm 0.1629 Tw (A. M)Tj 5.6 0 0 5.3341 270.409 471 Tm 0 Tw (C)Tj 7 0 0 7 274.452 471 Tm (N)Tj 5.6 0 0 5.3341 280.1571 471 Tm (ERNEY)Tj 7 0 0 7 300.7925 471 Tm (, )Tj /F19 1 Tf 0.7189 0 TD 0.1629 Tw (Republican Staff Director)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.4 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 291 454.8 m 321 454.8 l S BT /F18 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 192.46 434.6 Tm 0.1625 Tw (SUBCOMMITTEE ON WESTERN HEMISPHERE, PEACE)Tj 5.255 -1 TD (CORPS AND NARCOTICS AFFAIRS)Tj 7 0 0 7 221.12 412.6001 Tm 0.1629 Tw (CHRISTOPHER J. DODD, Connecticut, )Tj /F19 1 Tf 19.5048 0 TD 0 Tw (Chairman)Tj /F18 1 Tf -30.0933 -1.4286 TD 0.1629 Tw (BILL NELSON, Florida)Tj 0 -1.1429 TD (JOHN F. KERRY, Massachusetts)Tj T* (RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin)Tj T* (JOSEPH R. BIDEN, J)Tj 5.6 0 0 5.3341 222.5072 378.6 Tm 0 Tw (R)Tj 7 0 0 7 226.5503 378.6 Tm 0.1629 Tw (., D)Tj 5.6 0 0 5.3341 238.9745 378.6 Tm 0 Tw (ELAWARE)Tj 7 0 0 7 309 402.6 Tm 0.1629 Tw (LINCOLN D. CHAFEE, Rhode Island)Tj T* (JESSE HELMS, North Carolina)Tj T* (MICHAEL B. ENZI, Wyoming)Tj T* (RICHARD G. LUGAR, Indiana)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 301.26 362.6 Tm 0 Tw (\(II\))Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00002)-1076.9(Fmt 5904)-1076.9(Sfmt 5904)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 17 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F19 19 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 21 0 obj << /Length 1707 >> stream BT /F18 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 264.04 577 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0.165 Tc 0 Tw (CONTENTS)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.4 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 281 564.8 m 331 564.8 l S BT 6 0 0 6 451.4399 552.6 Tm 0 Tc (Page)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 542.6 Tm 0.1975 Tw (Allen, Hon. George, U.S. Senator from Virginia, submissions for the record:)Tj 2 -1 TD 0 Tw (Cuba)Tj /F14 1 Tf 2.445 0 TD ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1675 Tw (s Biological Weapons Program: A Brief History of Concerns, Ques-)Tj -1.649 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw [(tions and Suspicions)-520(.....................................................................................)-1884.5(17)]TJ -1 -1 TD 0.185 Tw (Does Havana Have a Biological Weapons Program? Excerpts from )Tj /F14 1 Tf 32.4625 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (Bio-)Tj -31.8705 -1 TD (hazard)Tj /F14 1 Tf 3.222 0 TD ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0525 Tw [( by Ken Alibek.)-355(.................................................................................)-1885(19)]TJ -4.6299 -1 TD [(Does Cuba Have Biochemical Weapons? Article by Maria C. Werlau)-492.5(.........)-1875.5(20)]TJ -2 -1.25 TD 0.3 Tw (Ford, Hon. Carl W., Jr., Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw [(Research, Department of State, Washington, DC)-522.5(.............................................)-2435.5(5)]TJ 1 -1 TD [(Prepared statement)-457.5(..........................................................................................)-2442.5(7)]TJ 6.4 0 0 6.0958 299.96 460.6 Tm 0 Tw (\(III\))Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00003)-1076.9(Fmt 5904)-1076.9(Sfmt 5904)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 22 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F14 5 0 R /F18 18 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 24 0 obj << /Length 251 >> stream BT /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00004)-1076.9(Fmt 5904)-1076.9(Sfmt 5904)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 25 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 27 0 obj << /Length 5035 >> stream BT /F18 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 301.12 116 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (\(1\))Tj /F20 1 Tf 12 0 0 12 153.26 592 Tm 0.1533 Tw (CUBAS PURSUIT OF BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS:)Tj 7.3367 -1.15 TD (FACT OR FICTION?)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.4 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 281 566.8 m 331 566.8 l S BT 9 0 0 9 237.96 547.4 Tm 0.2067 Tw (WEDNESDAY, JUNE 5, 2002)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 313.42 528.5 Tm 0.052 Tw (U.S. S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 343.0295 528.5 Tm 0 Tw (ENATE)Tj 10 0 0 10 372.2131 528.5 Tm (,)Tj -17.7173 -0.99 TD (S)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 201.3399 518.6 Tm [(UBCOMMITTEE)-412.5(ON)]TJ 10 0 0 10 285.5627 518.6 Tm (W)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 295.3726 518.6 Tm (ESTERN)Tj 10 0 0 10 332.896 518.6 Tm (H)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 341.2259 518.6 Tm (EMISPHERE)Tj 10 0 0 10 392.1771 518.6 Tm (,)Tj -16.2717 -0.99 TD (P)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 236.1299 508.7 Tm (EACE)Tj 10 0 0 10 262.5335 508.7 Tm (C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 269.7534 508.7 Tm (ORPS)Tj 10 0 0 10 292.1291 508.7 Tm (, )Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 298.209 508.7 Tm (AND)Tj 10 0 0 10 320.0287 508.7 Tm (N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 328.1786 508.7 Tm (ARCOTICS)Tj 10 0 0 10 374.4379 508.7 Tm (A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 381.6578 508.7 Tm (FFAIRS)Tj 10 0 0 10 412.1774 508.7 Tm (,)Tj -14.7577 -0.99 TD (C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 271.8199 498.8 Tm [(OMMITTEE)-412.5(ON)]TJ 10 0 0 10 337.971 498.8 Tm (F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 344.6409 498.8 Tm (OREIGN)Tj 10 0 0 10 381.7164 498.8 Tm (R)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 388.9363 498.8 Tm (ELATIONS)Tj 10 0 0 10 432.1996 498.8 Tm (,)Tj /F19 1 Tf -5.604 -0.99 TD 0.052 Tw (Washington, DC.)Tj /F18 1 Tf -21.916 -1.19 TD 0.056 Tw (The subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 10:05 a.m., in room)Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0 Tw (SD)Tj /F14 1 Tf 1.408 0 TD ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.556 0 TD 0.092 Tw (419, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Christopher J. Dodd)Tj -1.964 -0.99 TD 0.052 Tw (\(chairman of the subcommittee\), presiding.)Tj 1 -0.99 TD (Present: Senators Dodd, Bill Nelson, Chafee, and Allen.)Tj T* (Also present: Senator Levin.)Tj T* 0.104 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.8993 427.5 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.571 427.5 Tm 0.104 Tw (. The committee will come to order. Good morning.)Tj -7.6571 -0.99 TD 0.414 Tw (I want to welcome all of you here this morning to the Sub-)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (committee on Western Hemisphere, Peace Corps, and Narcotics Af-)Tj T* 0.234 Tw (fairs. We convene this morning in order to review certain public)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (statements made by members of the Bush administration in recent)Tj T* 0.13 Tw (months concerning the topic of Cuban biological weapons [BW] ca-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.3 Tw (pabilities and the sale of dual-use technology to so-called rogue)Tj T* 0 Tw (states.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.056 Tw (The issue of biological weapons is obviously a very serious matter)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.224 Tw (and we in the U.S. Senate would refrain from the temptation to)Tj T* 0.144 Tw (play politics with it. So too should the Bush administration in my)Tj T* 0 Tw (view.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.122 Tw (John Bolton, the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.166 Tw (International Security, received a great deal of attention when he)Tj T* 0.182 Tw (spoke on this topic on May 6 at the Heritage Foundation here in)Tj T* 0.226 Tw (Washington. The Heritage Foundation, as I am sure everyone in)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (this room knows, is a conservative think tank located in this city.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (Secretary of State Powell attempted to downplay the significance)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (of Mr. Bolton)Tj /F14 1 Tf 6.3519 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.13 Tw (s statement when he was questioned about it during)Tj -6.5559 -1 TD 0.152 Tw (a subsequent television appearance. Secretary Powell at that time)Tj T* 0.208 Tw (said, and I quote him: )Tj /F14 1 Tf 11.4128 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.208 Tw (As Under Secretary Bolton said recently,)Tj -11.8208 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (we do believe that Cuba has a biological offensive research capa-)Tj T* 0.084 Tw (bility. We did not say that it actually had such weapons, but it has)Tj T* 0.208 Tw (the capacity and the capability to conduct such research. That is)Tj T* 0.244 Tw (not a new statement. I think that is a statement that has been)Tj T* 0.102 Tw (made previously. So Under Secretary Bolton)Tj /F14 1 Tf 21.0477 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.102 Tw (s speech which got at-)Tj -21.2517 -1 TD 0.116 Tw (tention on this issue again was not breaking new ground as far as)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the United States position on this subject goes.)Tj /F14 1 Tf 22.0337 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf -21.0337 -1 TD (The )Tj /F14 1 Tf 2.284 0 TD ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.228 Tw (previous statement)Tj /F14 1 Tf 9.1359 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.228 Tw [( to which Secretary Powell was refer-)]TJ -13.2358 -1 TD 0.176 Tw (ring was made by Carl Ford, our witness here this morning, who)Tj T* 0.214 Tw (is the Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research,)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00005)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 28 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F14 5 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F19 19 0 R /F20 29 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 31 0 obj << /Length 5358 >> stream BT /F18 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (2)Tj -15.622 -2 TD 0.074 Tw (who will be testifying briefly. It is true that Mr. Ford touched upon)Tj 0 -1.02 TD 0.1 Tw (this subject in March of this year in the course of testimony before)Tj T* 0.072 Tw (this committee on the subject of biological weapons. Mr. Ford spent)Tj T* 0.21 Tw (a minute or two and 4 lines of his testimony on this matter. He)Tj T* 0.252 Tw (said at that time, and I quote him: )Tj /F14 1 Tf 18.2058 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.252 Tw (The United States believes)Tj -18.6137 -1.02 TD 0.116 Tw (that Cuba has at least a limited developmental offensive biological)Tj T* 0.416 Tw (warfare research and developmental effort. Cuba has provided)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (dual-use biotechnology to rogue states. We are concerned that such)Tj T* 0.132 Tw (technology could support BW programs in those states. We call on)Tj T* 0.118 Tw (Cuba to cease all BW-applicable cooperation with rogue states and)Tj T* 0.366 Tw (to fully comply with all of its obligations under the Biological)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Weapons Convention.)Tj /F14 1 Tf 10.0888 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf -9.0888 -1.02 TD 0.216 Tw (Mr. Ford)Tj /F14 1 Tf 4.3449 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.216 Tw (s remarks received very little attention, either during)Tj -5.5489 -1.02 TD (the hearing or subsequently. No tribute at all to your eloquence,)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (Carl. It just did not receive that much attention. In contrast, Mr.)Tj T* 0.182 Tw (Bolton spent considerably more time on the subject in a very dif-)Tj T* 0.244 Tw (ferent setting. He also suggested in the course of those remarks)Tj T* 0.054 Tw (that previous U.S. intelligence assessments on the subject of Cuba)Tj /F14 1 Tf 31.1375 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -31.3415 -1.02 TD 0.27 Tw (potential threat to U.S. security were, and I quote him, )Tj /F14 1 Tf 28.4076 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (unbal-)Tj -28.8156 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (anced and understated that threat.)Tj /F14 1 Tf 16.4688 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf -15.4688 -1.02 TD 0.182 Tw (It was in that context that he mentioned Cuba)Tj /F14 1 Tf 22.9037 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s )Tj /F14 1 Tf 0.923 0 TD ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.182 Tw (limited offen-)Tj -25.4387 -1.02 TD (sive biological warfare research and developmental effort.)Tj /F14 1 Tf 27.7786 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.182 Tw [( Unlike)]TJ -28.1866 -1.02 TD 0.278 Tw (Mr. Ford, Mr. Bolton omitted Mr. Ford)Tj /F14 1 Tf 19.5747 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.278 Tw (s characterization of the)Tj -19.7787 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (program as being only in the developmental stage.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.16 Tw (So I would respectfully disagree with Secretary Powell when he)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.212 Tw (said this was old news. Were Mr. Bolton present at this hearing)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (this morning, as I hoped he would be, we would have asked him)Tj T* 0.274 Tw (about the content, venue, and timing of his remarks. We might)Tj T* 0.108 Tw (have inquired why Mr. Bolton never included Cuba in his remarks)Tj T* 0.114 Tw (last November, only 6 months earlier, when he testified in Geneva)Tj T* 0.07 Tw (at the Conference on Compliance with the 1972 Biological Weapons)Tj T* 0.124 Tw (Convention, where he publicly named the states of concern on BW)Tj T* 0 Tw (issues.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.066 Tw (We would have also inquired whether President Carter)Tj /F14 1 Tf 25.9816 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.066 Tw (s impend-)Tj -27.1856 -1.02 TD 0.354 Tw (ing visit to Cuba about a week after the Heritage Foundation)Tj T* 0.246 Tw (speech, the first by any American President or former President)Tj T* 0.196 Tw (since Castro assumed power, had anything to do with the timing)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (of the speech, or why no one in the State Department or elsewhere)Tj T* 0.25 Tw (in the intelligence community sought to inform President Carter)Tj T* 0.348 Tw (about this matter in the course of intelligence briefings of the)Tj T* 0.18 Tw (former President in preparation of his trip to Cuba, if this was a)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (matter of such deep concern to the Department.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.132 Tw (Unfortunately, Secretary Powell has refused to allow Mr. Bolton)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.11 Tw (to testify on this matter today because he did not believe he is the)Tj T* 0.292 Tw (appropriate official to answer questions about this matter. That)Tj T* 0.136 Tw (puzzles me as chairman of this subcommittee since he was clearly)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (the appropriate official to attend the Heritage Foundation event on)Tj T* (this subject. I believe that the Secretary)Tj /F14 1 Tf 19.0297 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.088 Tw (s decision is the wrong de-)Tj -19.2337 -1.02 TD 0.086 Tw (cision. Moreover, I do not know how the Secretary can justify mak-)Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.07 Tw (ing Mr. Bolton available to a nongovernmental entity to speak pub-)Tj T* 0.114 Tw (licly about a serious matter such as this, yet deny the U.S. Senate)Tj T* 0.19 Tw (and this subcommittee of jurisdiction access to Mr. Bolton to dis-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (cuss a terribly important subject matter.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00006)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 32 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F14 5 0 R /F18 18 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 34 0 obj << /Length 4920 >> stream BT /F18 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (3)Tj -14.622 -2 TD 0.26 Tw (I am extremely disappointed with the Department)Tj /F14 1 Tf 24.8586 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.26 Tw (s unwilling-)Tj -26.0626 -1 TD 0.088 Tw (ness to cooperate on this matter and I intend to accord matters be-)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (fore the Senate of interest to the Department with an equivalent)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (level of cooperation until this matter is resolved.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.106 Tw (Having made these preliminary remarks, let me turn now to the)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.096 Tw (witness that the Department has made available to the committee,)Tj T* 0.34 Tw (Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research Carl)Tj T* 0.198 Tw (Ford. Carl, I thank you for being here this morning. And for the)Tj T* 0.24 Tw (record, let me state Carl Ford and I have known each other for)Tj T* 0.124 Tw (more than 20 years. We have spent it seems like 8 months during)Tj T* 0.094 Tw (1 month traveling to China together back in 1983, I believe it was,)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (almost 20 years ago.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (Let me indicate how I intend to proceed this morning, if I could.)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.192 Tw (Mr. Ford has a few opening remarks which we will hear in open)Tj T* 0.214 Tw (session. I then have a number of questions which I will ask Mr.)Tj T* 0.158 Tw (Ford which are not of a classified nature. I am sure my colleague)Tj T* 0.058 Tw (from Virginia who has joined us here and other members who show)Tj T* 0.106 Tw (up will have some additional questions of a nonclassified nature to)Tj T* 0.136 Tw (address to you. Other members will be joining us as they can this)Tj T* 0 Tw (morning.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.172 Tw (We will proceed in open session as long as we can without get-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.134 Tw (ting into classified matters, at which point I will go into executive)Tj T* 0 Tw (session.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (So Mr. Ford, I would like you to stand, if you would, this morn-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.134 Tw (ing, to raise your right hand so I can administer the oath. Do you)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (swear to tell the whole truth and nothing but the truth, so help you)Tj T* 0 Tw (God?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 375.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 375.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Yes, sir, I do.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.0593 365.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.731 365.9999 Tm 0.12 Tw (. Welcome to the committee. Please be seated, and)Tj -7.6731 -1 TD 0.082 Tw (let me turn to my colleague Mr. Allen, to see if he has any opening)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (comments he would like to make.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.114 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.4393 335.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 227.4069 335.9999 Tm 0.114 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. I would like to make)Tj -8.0407 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (some opening remarks. First, insofar as Mr. Ford being here, I am)Tj T* 0.162 Tw (glad you are here and I look forward to questioning you. I do not)Tj T* 0.308 Tw (know how much of this as far as your intelligence capabilities,)Tj T* 0.098 Tw (which I know are extensive, can actually be on the open record. So)Tj T* 0.176 Tw (we will try to cover as much as we can that is not classified. We)Tj T* 0.144 Tw (did have a briefing yesterday prior to this hearing with the chair-)Tj T* 0 Tw (man.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.062 Tw (As far as Secretary Powell and so forth, as I understand it Under)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (Secretary Bolton is willing to appear at a separate hearing dealing)Tj T* 0.204 Tw (with policy. Mr. Ford)Tj /F14 1 Tf 10.3529 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.204 Tw (s capabilities are in intelligence and indeed)Tj -10.5568 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (I think that was the purpose of this, whether Cuba)Tj /F14 1 Tf 24.1326 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.07 Tw (s pursuit of bio-)Tj -24.3366 -1 TD 0.076 Tw (logical weapons, whether that is true or false or fact or fiction. And)Tj T* 0.212 Tw (indeed, the statements of Mr. Bolton at the Heritage Foundation)Tj T* 0.098 Tw (and the statement of Mr. Ford before this committee a few months)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (earlier are, from what I can see or determine, identical.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.076 Tw (We have Mr. Ford here so we can question him. I guess we could)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (have another hearing with Mr. Bolton as far as what policy should)Tj T* 0.078 Tw (be taken. I think the facts are important in determining our policy,)Tj T* 0.136 Tw (but let us get the facts straight. I think that we are all too aware)Tj T* 0.098 Tw (of how important the threat is of chemical or biological weapons in)Tj T* 0.138 Tw (the hands of rogue states or terrorist organizations and what that)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (could pose as a threat to the United States.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00007)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 35 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F14 5 0 R /F18 18 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 37 0 obj << /Length 6008 >> stream BT /F18 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (4)Tj -14.622 -2 TD 0.08 Tw (The anthrax attacks in these buildings right here last fall under-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.306 Tw (scored the dangers of such weapons to our country. We do not)Tj T* 0.134 Tw (know whether that is external or internal yet, but understand the)Tj T* 0.2 Tw (impact it could have. Looking back on those events, it shows the)Tj T* 0.092 Tw (need for us to be vigilant in uncovering and dismantling any facili-)Tj T* 0.122 Tw (ties that could produce such weapons if mass destruction were the)Tj T* 0.236 Tw (desire, or mass disruption were the desire of malicious states or)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (terrorist organizations.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.246 Tw (Now, that is why I stand behind Under Secretary Bolton)Tj /F14 1 Tf 28.3276 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.246 Tw (s re-)Tj -29.5316 -1 TD 0.08 Tw (marks, which are consistent with Mr. Ford)Tj /F14 1 Tf 20.2587 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.08 Tw (s, which says that Cuba)Tj /F14 1 Tf -20.4627 -1 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.25 Tw (has at least a limited offensive biological research and develop-)Tj -0.408 -1 TD 0.274 Tw (ment effort,)Tj /F14 1 Tf 5.7179 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.274 Tw [( and furthermore )]TJ /F14 1 Tf 9.0619 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.274 Tw (that Cuba has provided dual-use)Tj -15.5958 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (biotechnology to rogue states.)Tj /F14 1 Tf 14.0878 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.14 Tw [( So it is certainly a fact, not fiction,)]TJ -14.4958 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (that Cuba has a capability to pursue biological weapons.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.128 Tw (Now, Under Secretary Bolton is not the first government official)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (to have spoken publicly on this issue. On March 19, 2002, in testi-)Tj T* 0.224 Tw (mony before this very Foreign Relations Committee at a hearing)Tj T* 0.138 Tw (addressing the threat of chemical and biological weapons, our wit-)Tj T* 0.196 Tw (ness here, Assistant Secretary Ford, stated the United States be-)Tj T* 0.068 Tw (lieved that Cuba has at least a limited developmental offensive bio-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (logical warfare research and development effort.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.128 Tw (In fact, it was Assistant Secretary Ford)Tj /F14 1 Tf 18.9547 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.128 Tw (s words that Under Sec-)Tj -20.1587 -1 TD 0.092 Tw (retary Bolton precisely echoed verbatim 2 months later at the Her-)Tj T* 0.248 Tw (itage Foundation, and these statements are clearly supported by)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (intelligence reporting that I have personally reviewed.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.066 Tw (Now, throughout the past decade we have seen numerous reports)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.234 Tw (addressing Cuba)Tj /F14 1 Tf 7.9939 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.234 Tw (s bioweapons capability. It is a well known fact)Tj -8.1979 -1 TD 0.188 Tw (that Cuba has one of the most advanced biotechnology and phar-)Tj T* 0.292 Tw (maceutical industries in the world, ranking near the top of the)Tj T* 0.148 Tw (World Health Organization)Tj /F14 1 Tf 12.9628 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.148 Tw (s list of countries with the most devel-)Tj -13.1668 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (oped biological industries, lagging only behind the G)Tj /F14 1 Tf 24.5896 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.556 0 TD (7.)Tj -24.1456 -1 TD 0.222 Tw (The well-respected former Deputy Director of Biopreparat, Ken)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.36 Tw (Alibek, the Soviet Union)Tj /F14 1 Tf 12.4158 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.36 Tw (s biological weapons program, has ac-)Tj -12.6198 -1 TD 0.076 Tw (knowledged that his institute trained Cubans in developing biologi-)Tj T* 0.174 Tw (cal weapons and agents. In his 1998 book )Tj /F14 1 Tf 20.7677 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (Biohazard,)Tj /F14 1 Tf 5.0369 0 TD ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.174 Tw [( Alibek re-)]TJ -26.6206 -1 TD 0.066 Tw (counts how his boss Major General Yuri Kalinin, head of the Soviet)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (bioweapons program, made several trips to Cuba to consult on var-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (ious biotechnology programs.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.148 Tw (That in itself does not prove it, but you see there is a cause for)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (concern, and that is of public record. Moreover, in the October issue)Tj T* 0 Tw (of )Tj /F14 1 Tf 1.347 0 TD ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.236 Tw (Nature Biotechnology Journal)Tj /F14 1 Tf 14.4168 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.236 Tw [( Jose de la Fuente, the former)]TJ -16.5798 -1 TD 0.246 Tw (Director of Research and Development at Cuba)Tj /F14 1 Tf 23.2547 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.246 Tw (s premier Center)Tj -23.4587 -1 TD 0.36 Tw (for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, reported that Cuba)Tj T* 0.146 Tw (sold technology to Iran that could)Tj /F14 1 Tf 16.2118 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 1 0 TD (could)Tj /F14 1 Tf 2.444 0 TD ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.146 Tw (be used to produce bio-)Tj -20.6557 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (logical weapons.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.182 Tw (Now, Fidel Castro has himself very recently proclaimed, for ex-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.184 Tw (ample, that Iran and Cuba, in cooperation with each other, could)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (bring America to its knees in asserting that we had weak leader-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (ship in this country.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (I am deeply troubled by the fact that several rogue states have)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.166 Tw (received technical assistance from Cuba, potentially)Tj /F14 1 Tf 24.8686 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.166 Tw (again poten-)Tj -25.8686 -1 TD 0 Tw (tially)Tj /F14 1 Tf 2.427 0 TD ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.288 Tw (acquiring the technology and expertise to build biological)Tj -3.4269 -1 TD 0.156 Tw (weapons. Cuba must adhere to its commitment under the Biologi-)Tj T* 0.286 Tw (cal Weapons Convention. Moreover, it must halt the transfer of)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00008)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 38 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F14 5 0 R /F18 18 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 40 0 obj << /Length 5080 >> stream BT /F18 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (5)Tj -15.622 -2 TD 0.278 Tw (sensitive dual-use items and materials that might be flowing to)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.19 Tw (many countries and potentially into the hands of terrorist groups)Tj T* 0.114 Tw (that of course we consider as a direct threat to our allies or to our)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (own national security.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.064 Tw (And we must not attempt to whitewash Fidel Castro)Tj /F14 1 Tf 24.7936 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.064 Tw (s record and)Tj -25.9976 -1 TD 0.074 Tw (the resulting impoverishment of opportunities for those who cannot)Tj T* 0.076 Tw (leave Cuba. Whether it is human rights abuses on a national scale,)Tj T* 0.134 Tw (whether it is violating international accords such as the Biological)Tj T* 0.292 Tw (Weapons Convention, or developing weapons that could be used)Tj T* 0.184 Tw (against the United States, national security and American values)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (must prevail over partisan politics.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.158 Tw (Mr. Carter, former President Carter, in his recent trip to Cuba,)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.202 Tw (made several statements relating to the legitimacy of Cuba)Tj /F14 1 Tf 28.9536 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.202 Tw (s bio-)Tj -29.1576 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (technology industry, dismissing verified concerns about Cuba)Tj /F14 1 Tf 29.0426 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.112 Tw (s bio-)Tj -29.2466 -1 TD 0.146 Tw (technology efforts, capabilities, and transfers. The fact of the mat-)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (ter remains, Cuba possesses, and I quote, )Tj /F14 1 Tf 20.7867 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.194 Tw (at least a limited bio-)Tj -21.1947 -1 TD 0.308 Tw (logical weapons research and development effort,)Tj /F14 1 Tf 24.2627 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.308 Tw [( and I believe)]TJ -24.6707 -1 TD 0.108 Tw (that at a minimum we ought to work to prevent it from being pro-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (liferated either to rogue states or to terrorist groups.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (I look forward to this hearing and thank you, Mr. Chairman, for)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (calling it.)Tj 1 -1 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 435.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 435.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you.)Tj -6.6051 -1 TD 0.122 Tw (Senator Chafee, any opening comments you would like to make?)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (Senator C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.1993 415.9999 Tm 0 Tw (HAFEE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.5269 415.9999 Tm 0.09 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, for calling the hear-)Tj -8.6527 -1 TD 0.196 Tw (ing. I was fortunate enough to go to Havana in January and did)Tj T* 0.188 Tw (get a tour of one of the pharmaceutical plants. So I do not think)Tj T* 0.116 Tw (there is any doubt, as Senator Allen said, that Cuba is a leader in)Tj T* 0.172 Tw (this area and probably has the capacity to produce these types of)Tj T* 0 Tw (weapons.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.08 Tw (I do think that since the dawn of time, when cavemen sharpened)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.084 Tw (sticks, it has been human nature to pursue weapons. Whether that)Tj T* 0.126 Tw (is good or bad, I just think it is true. The more important point is)Tj T* 0.184 Tw (whether there is an intent and where the animosity might be di-)Tj T* 0.07 Tw (rected if Cuba is following this path. I think really that is the more)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (important point.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (Certainly they have the capacity from what I saw. At that phar-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.072 Tw (maceutical plant, they were developing meningitis vaccines that we)Tj T* 0.174 Tw (use in Rhode Island. We had an outbreak of meningitis and used)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the Cuban vaccine.)Tj 1 -1 TD (So I look forward to your testimony.)Tj T* (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 245.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 245.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 235.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 235.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you very much.)Tj -6.6051 -1 TD (Mr. Ford, thank you for being here.)Tj /F21 1 Tf 9 0 0 9 147 209.7999 Tm 0.3933 Tw (STATEMENT OF HON. CARL W. FORD, JR., ASSISTANT SEC-)Tj 1 -1.1 TD 0.1044 Tw (RETARY OF STATE FOR INTELLIGENCE AND RESEARCH, DE-)Tj T* 0.0422 Tw (PARTMENT OF STATE, WASHINGTON, DC)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 157 175.9999 Tm 0.094 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.0496 175.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.2733 175.9999 Tm 0.094 Tw (. Mr. Chairman, first let me simply state that my pres-)Tj -5.5273 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (ence here alone is not to suggest to you or the committee that the)Tj T* 0.106 Tw (Department is not prepared to answer any policy implications that)Tj T* 0.114 Tw (might come from my presentation. The Secretary is planning to be)Tj T* 0.19 Tw (here this afternoon, as I think you know. He will take any ques-)Tj T* 0.122 Tw (tions that you may have directly about his views on the subject or)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the Heritage speech or what Mr. Bolton said.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00009)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 41 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F14 5 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F21 42 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 44 0 obj << /Length 5283 >> stream BT /F18 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (6)Tj -14.622 -2 TD 0.118 Tw (If that does not answer all the committee)Tj /F14 1 Tf 19.8467 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.118 Tw (s questions, then he is)Tj -21.0507 -1 TD 0.074 Tw (prepared to have Mr. Bolton come up at a time of your convenience)Tj T* 0.058 Tw (to answer any other questions that you may have. Or other officials)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (from the Department.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.232 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.1793 606 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.851 606 Tm 0.232 Tw (. I appreciate that, Carl. I certainly am going to)Tj -7.7851 -1 TD 0.222 Tw (talk to the Secretary about it this afternoon. It is an awful long)Tj T* 0.092 Tw (way to get around to it. Someone obviously gave him permission to)Tj T* 0.086 Tw (testify before the Heritage Foundation. I am just very disappointed)Tj T* 0.312 Tw (that a coequal branch of government, when the statements are)Tj T* 0.058 Tw (made in a public forum as they were, provoking as much discussion)Tj T* 0.152 Tw (as it did, that asking that official to appear before this committee)Tj T* 0.248 Tw (to explain how it was that he managed to make those remarks,)Tj T* 0.076 Tw (whether or not they were based on the kind of intelligence we have)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (gathered, I find it disappointing that I have got to go through the)Tj T* 0.068 Tw (Secretary of State, go through you, be turned down as not the right)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (official, and then maybe down the road he can come and testify.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.172 Tw (If he can show up at the Heritage Foundation, he can show up)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (at the U.S. Senate.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.118 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.2896 465.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.5133 465.9999 Tm 0.118 Tw (. Well, the only thing I can say is that it was certainly)Tj -5.5513 -1 TD 0.058 Tw (not the Department)Tj /F14 1 Tf 9.3019 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.058 Tw (s intention to deny you or the committee access)Tj -9.5059 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (to our policy officials. What the Secretary feels strongly about, and)Tj T* 0.134 Tw (I agree with, is that there should be a clear separation in our De-)Tj T* 0.266 Tw (partment from intelligence and policymakers. I do not tell them)Tj T* 0.062 Tw (what to say and they better not tell me what I say. That is the way)Tj T* 0.054 Tw (we operate. That)Tj /F14 1 Tf 7.9059 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.054 Tw (s the way we think it is best done. So that by hav-)Tj -8.1099 -1 TD 0.214 Tw (ing us both appear, the Secretary believes it puts the policy and)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (intelligence too close together.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.126 Tw (But on his part there is no intention not to come to you directly)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.088 Tw (or send Secretary Bolton or anyone else that you might like to talk)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (about this subject.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.162 Tw (But when it is intelligence, you get me. When you want to talk)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (policy, you get him or one of the other policy officials. That is sim-)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (ply the way that we have decided that we should operate when it)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (comes to intelligence and policy.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.072 Tw (But I have a brief statement if I might present. It is my pleasure)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.086 Tw (to come before the subcommittee today to discuss the issue of what)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (we in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research [INR] assess to be)Tj T* 0 Tw (Cuba)Tj /F14 1 Tf 2.445 0 TD ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.076 Tw (s efforts to date in the area of biological warfare. My remarks)Tj -2.649 -1 TD 0.114 Tw (in this open forum will necessarily be limited owing to the need to)Tj T* 0.102 Tw (protect sensitive intelligence information. But I would welcome the)Tj T* 0.1 Tw (opportunity and am prepared to give classified remarks in a closed)Tj T* 0 Tw (session.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.156 Tw (On March 19, as you indicated, in my statement in front of the)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (full committee, I stated INR)Tj /F14 1 Tf 13.4408 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.11 Tw (s judgment that the United States be-)Tj -13.6448 -1 TD 0.08 Tw (lieves that Cuba has at least a limited developmental offensive bio-)Tj T* 0.064 Tw (logical warfare research and development effort. Cuba has provided)Tj T* 0.242 Tw (dual-use technology to rogue states. We are concerned that such)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (technology could support BW programs in those states.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.062 Tw (That assessment and our concerns have not changed in the inter-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.192 Tw (vening 2)Tj 7.78 0 0 6 188.3694 158.8899 Tm 0 Tw (1)Tj 10 0 0 10 192.6951 155.9999 Tm ()Tj 7.78 0 0 6 194.3651 155.9999 Tm (2)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.3909 155.9999 Tm 0.192 Tw (months. Among the various weapons of mass destruc-)Tj -5.6391 -1 TD 0.346 Tw (tion [WMD], biological warfare is perhaps the most difficult to)Tj T* 0.12 Tw (clearly identify, absent unambiguous, reliable intelligence informa-)Tj T* 0.128 Tw (tion, owing to the dual-use nature of the technology and materials)Tj T* 0.112 Tw (used to support a BW program. In todays world many nations, in-)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00010)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6633)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 45 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F14 5 0 R /F18 18 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 47 0 obj << /Length 6554 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (7)Tj -15.622 -2 TD 0.234 Tw (cluding Cuba, have in place robust biotechnology infrastructures,)Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.11 Tw (as some of the world)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.8669 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.11 Tw (s best scientific talent has turned to this ave-)Tj -10.0709 -1.01 TD 0.326 Tw (nue of modern science to promote medical and agricultural ad-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (vances in their countries.)Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.276 Tw (Distinguishing legitimate biotech work from work that is pur-)Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.284 Tw (sued to support either offensive or defensive BW efforts or pro-)Tj T* 0.202 Tw (grams continues to be a difficult intelligence challenge. In a nut-)Tj T* 0.22 Tw (shell, since basic BW production does not require large, sophisti-)Tj T* 0.21 Tw (cated programs or facilities, it makes the intelligence assessment)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (function more complicated.)Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.122 Tw (Cuba has several facilities involved in biologically related efforts)Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.218 Tw (in agriculture, medicine, and veterinary science which, as in any)Tj T* 0.216 Tw (country, could be used for illicit purposes. This dual-use problem)Tj T* 0.174 Tw (presents all who are committed to combating the BW threat with)Tj T* 0.12 Tw (the dilemma of how best to assess the capabilities of any given fa-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (cility against the intent to develop biological weapons.)Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.098 Tw (What then can I say about the evidence for our assessment? The)Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.12 Tw (nature of biological weapons makes it difficult to procure clear, in-)Tj T* 0.242 Tw (controvertible proof that a country is engaged in illicit biological)Tj T* 0.582 Tw (weapons research, production, weaponization, and stockpiling.)Tj T* 0 Tw (Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.445 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.142 Tw (s sophisticated denial and deception practices make our task)Tj -2.649 -1.01 TD 0.052 Tw (even more difficult.)Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.054 Tw (That said, we have a sound basis for our judgment that Cuba has)Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.308 Tw (at least a limited developmental offensive biological warfare re-)Tj T* 0.216 Tw (search and development effort. I am prepared to discuss the evi-)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (dence we do have in a closed session or leave behind a classified)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (statement for the record.)Tj 1 -1.01 TD (Thank you, Mr. Chairman.)Tj T* ([The prepared statement of Mr. Ford follows:])Tj 8 0 0 8 148.24 347.1001 Tm 0 Tw (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 153.5759 347.1001 Tm (REPARED)Tj 8 0 0 8 188.5679 347.1001 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 193.6078 347.1001 Tm [(TATEMENT)-412.5(OF)]TJ 8 0 0 8 246.0622 347.1001 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 252.7261 347.1001 Tm (ON)Tj 8 0 0 8 262.9212 347.1001 Tm 0.0525 Tw (. C)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 273.5651 347.1001 Tm 0 Tw (ARL)Tj 8 0 0 8 289.7155 347.1001 Tm 0.0525 Tw (W. F)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 307.7672 347.1001 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 8 0 0 8 322.3464 347.1001 Tm 0.0525 Tw (, J)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 331.6623 347.1001 Tm 0 Tw (R)Tj 8 0 0 8 336.2831 347.1001 Tm 0.0525 Tw (., A)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 349.1509 347.1001 Tm 0 Tw (SSISTANT)Tj 8 0 0 8 384.8661 347.1001 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 389.906 347.1001 Tm [(ECRETARY)-412.5(OF)]TJ 8 0 0 8 440.9331 347.1001 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 445.9731 347.1001 Tm (TATE)Tj -31.8239 -1.3288 TD (FOR)Tj 8 0 0 8 258.8088 339.0001 Tm (I)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 262.0647 339.0001 Tm [(NTELLIGENCE)-412.5(AND)]TJ 8 0 0 8 331.4663 339.0001 Tm (R)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 337.2422 339.0001 Tm (ESEARCH)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 325.9001 Tm 0.0525 Tw (Thank you Mr. Chairman.)Tj 0 -1.0125 TD 0.1625 Tw (It is my pleasure to come before the Subcommittee today to discuss the issue of)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.165 Tw (what we in the Bureau of Intelligence and Research assess to be Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 34.3535 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.165 Tw (s efforts to)Tj -34.5575 -1.0125 TD 0.26 Tw (date in the area of biological warfare. My remarks in this open forum will nec-)Tj T* 0.1925 Tw (essarily be limited owing to the need to protect sensitive intelligence information,)Tj T* 0.21 Tw (but I would welcome the opportunity and am prepared to give classified remarks)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (in a closed session.)Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.2475 Tw (On March 19, in my statement in front of the Senate Foreign Relations Com-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.0525 Tw (mittee, I stated INR)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.4734 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (s judgment that:)Tj /F19 1 Tf -6.6774 -1.5125 TD 0.3175 Tw (The United States believes that Cuba has at least a limited, develop-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1925 Tw (mental, offensive biological warfare research and development effort. Cuba)Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (has provided dual-use biotechnology to rogue states. We are concerned that)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (such technology could support BW programs in those states.)Tj /F22 1 Tf -1 -1.5125 TD 0.3575 Tw (That assessment and our concerns have not changed in the intervening 2)Tj 6.224 0 0 4.8 456.6959 214.9125 Tm 0 Tw (1)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 460.1565 212.6001 Tm ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 4.8 461.4925 212.6001 Tm (2)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 204.5001 Tm (months.)Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.305 Tw (Among the various weapons of mass destruction \(WMD\) disciplines, biological)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.15 Tw (warfare \(BW\) is perhaps the most difficult to clearly identify, absent unambiguous)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (reliable intelligence information, owing to the dual-use nature of the technology and)Tj T* 0.095 Tw (materials used to support a BW program. In today)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.0576 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.095 Tw (s world, many nations, including)Tj -24.2616 -1.0125 TD 0.06 Tw (Cuba, have in place robust biotechnology infrastructures, as some of the world)Tj /F18 1 Tf 36.8475 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.06 Tw (s best)Tj -37.0514 -1 TD 0.0675 Tw (scientific talent has turned to this avenue of modern science to promote medical and)Tj T* 0.35 Tw (agricultural advances in their countries. Distinguishing legitimate biotech work)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (from work that is pursued to support either offensive or defensive BW efforts or pro-)Tj T* 0.2175 Tw (grams continues to be a difficult intelligence challenge. In a nutshell, since basic)Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (BW production does not require large, sophisticated programs or facilities it makes)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (the intelligence assessment function more complicated.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00011)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 48 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F19 19 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 53 0 obj << /Length 5891 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (8)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 648 Tm 0.3125 Tw (Cuba has several facilities involved in biological-related efforts in agriculture,)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1575 Tw (medicine and veterinary science, which, as in any country, could be used for illicit)Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (purposes. This dual-use problem presents all who are committed to combating the)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (BW threat with the dilemma of how best to assess the capabilities of any given facil-)Tj T* (ity against the intent to develop biological weapons.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.0625 Tw (What then can I say about the evidence for our assessment? The nature of biologi-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (cal weapons makes it difficult to procure clear, incontrovertible proof that a country)Tj T* 0.3425 Tw (is engaged in illicit biological weapons research, production, weaponization and)Tj T* 0.105 Tw (stockpiling. Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.1619 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.105 Tw (s sophisticated denial and deception practices make our task even)Tj -8.3659 -1 TD 0.125 Tw (more difficult. That said we have a sound basis for our judgment that Cuba has at)Tj T* 0.2525 Tw (least a limited, developmental, offensive biological warfare research and develop-)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (ment effort. I am prepared to discuss the evidence we do have in a closed session)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (or leave behind a classified statement for the record.)Tj 1 -1 TD (Thank you, Mr Chairman.)Tj 10 0 0 10 157 526.0001 Tm 0.224 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.0993 526.0001 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.771 526.0001 Tm 0.224 Tw (. Thank you. Let me just say regarding this, my)Tj -7.7771 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (concern and I think the concern of many of us is obviously, as a)Tj T* 0.132 Tw (result of September 11 and events even before that, a high degree)Tj T* 0.086 Tw (of interest in terrorism and the fact that we have now been victim-)Tj T* 0.196 Tw (ized very directly by it here. How we allocate our resources, how)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (we allocate our attention, is going to be critically important.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.206 Tw (In fact, if Cuba poses a direct threat to the United States and)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.154 Tw (our allies, then we need to respond to that. If they do not in that)Tj T* 0 Tw (assessment)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.2969 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.054 Tw (and that is why the intelligence assessment is so criti-)Tj -6.2969 -1 TD 0.092 Tw (cally important, that if we are off chasing an issue here that is not)Tj T* 0.226 Tw (substantiated by facts, then we are misallocating resources, time)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (and attention where it could be spent in other places.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.336 Tw (So the issue becomes very, very important and therefore the)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.072 Tw (background of how this assessment is made is going to be also very)Tj T* 0 Tw (worthwhile.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.134 Tw (I am going to put a clock on each one of us here for 10 minutes)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.144 Tw (in the first go-around and we will see how that works in terms of)Tj T* 0.106 Tw (questions. Let me begin by a series of questions if I can, Mr. Ford,)Tj T* 0.206 Tw (for you. One, has the Bureau of Intelligence and Research which)Tj T* 0.218 Tw (you head recently changed its assessment with respect to Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 31.1306 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -31.3346 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (potential biological weapons capability and programs?)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 316.0002 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 316.0002 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 306.0002 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 306.0002 Tm 0.052 Tw (. It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.404 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s been the same assessment?)Tj -8.2131 -1 TD 0.198 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.0896 296.0001 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.3133 296.0001 Tm 0.198 Tw (. The last time that the intelligence community did a)Tj -5.6313 -1 TD 0.236 Tw (National Intelligence Estimate was in 1999 and we have refined)Tj T* 0.126 Tw (and we know a little bit more than we did then, so that there has)Tj T* 0.086 Tw (been some modification, improvement of our analysis, but no major)Tj T* 0.132 Tw (radical or even minor change. It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.4378 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.132 Tw (s basically the same judgment we)Tj -15.6418 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (made in 1999.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.144 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.2993 236.0002 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.971 236.0002 Tm 0.144 Tw (. So the assessment by Mr. Bolton that it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.0257 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.144 Tw (s unbal-)Tj -27.9268 -1 TD 0.056 Tw (anced, an unbalanced assessment, in his speech that he gave before)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the Heritage Foundation?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.136 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.4696 206.0002 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.6933 206.0002 Tm 0.136 Tw (. The history of the words on BW in that speech were,)Tj -5.5693 -1 TD 0.202 Tw (as I understand it, Secretary Bolton invited the intelligence com-)Tj T* 0.164 Tw (munity [IC] to provide him with some words that he could use in)Tj T* 0.074 Tw (a speech on BW. He was very careful, I think, not to suggest words)Tj T* 0.358 Tw (to the community for clearance. He asked them: What do you)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (think, what do you say?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.096 Tw (So that they came up with the lines in the speech and presented)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.108 Tw (those to INR to take back to Secretary Bolton for his use. As I un-)Tj T* 0.07 Tw (derstand it, his speech was postponed. I wasn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.5847 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.07 Tw (t aware of this. I had)Tj -21.7887 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (a requirement on short notice to come up and brief the committee)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00012)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 54 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 56 0 obj << /Length 6597 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 303.22 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (9)Tj -15.622 -2 TD 0.16 Tw (on chemical weapons [CW] and biological weapons worldwide. Ap-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.156 Tw (parently those words that had been approved for Mr. Bolton were)Tj T* 0.244 Tw (picked by my staff to insert in my presentation to the full com-)Tj T* 0.294 Tw (mittee, and so that I then presented that information that had)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (been cleared by the IC.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (When it came time for Mr. Bolton to give his speech a month or)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.104 Tw (two later, he then took the same language that had been approved)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (earlier by the community and stuck it into his Heritage speech. But)Tj T* 0.224 Tw (those words were our words, the intelligence community)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.5866 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.224 Tw (s words,)Tj -27.7906 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (not his. But the speech was his, not ours.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.156 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.4193 545.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.091 545.9999 Tm 0.156 Tw (. Well, he characterized the 1998 report as unbal-)Tj -7.7091 -1 TD 0.288 Tw (anced and underplaying the threat posed by Cuba. You tell me)Tj T* 0.202 Tw (there was no change at all in the assessments, my first question)Tj T* 0.204 Tw (to you. And his response in his speech was calling it unbalanced)Tj T* 0.234 Tw (and underplaying the situation, the previous assessment. This is)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the same assessment.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.166 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.7696 485.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.9933 485.9999 Tm 0.166 Tw (. Right. This is not to divert the question, but I think)Tj -5.5993 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (that what Secretary Bolton intended or meant in his speech would)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (be best asked of Secretary Bolton. And as I said)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.4527 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -21.4527 -1 TD 0.058 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.4393 455.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.111 455.9999 Tm 0.058 Tw (. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.021 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.058 Tw (m just asking you on the assessment as an intel-)Tj -8.8361 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (ligence assessment.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.098 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.0896 435.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.3133 435.9999 Tm 0.098 Tw (. Our assessment from 1999 to 2002 has changed little.)Tj -5.5313 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (The only thing that we would say differently is that I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.2446 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.16 Tw (t think)Tj -28.4486 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (that we would have to footnote to emphasize that it was an effort,)Tj T* 0.094 Tw (not a program, which INR did in 1999. I think the rest of the com-)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (munity now feels as strongly as we do that the evidence will sup-)Tj T* 0.258 Tw (port that there is a BW, limited BW offensive development pro-)Tj T* 0 Tw (gram)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.426 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.126 Tw (an effort, but not a program. So that the community)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.1736 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.126 Tw (s view)Tj -28.8036 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (has been refined. We would no longer have to make a footnote to)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (emphasize that all of us agree that it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.8287 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.11 Tw (s not a program. They would)Tj -18.0327 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (say that themselves.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.9593 335.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.631 335.9999 Tm 0.11 Tw (. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.073 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.11 Tw (m told by staff, your staff, that each word is se-)Tj -8.9401 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (lected very carefully and debated rather extensively.)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 315.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 315.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. True.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 305.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 305.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Because each word is terribly important.)Tj -6.6051 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 295.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 295.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.831 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s correct.)Tj -7.5203 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.9593 285.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.631 285.9999 Tm 0.11 Tw (. You used the word )Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.9769 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (developmental)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.7599 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.11 Tw [( in your testi-)]TJ -25.2158 -1 TD 0.238 Tw (mony. Mr. Bolton specifically left the word out, as well as other)Tj T* 0.22 Tw (language. Now, is there some)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.4378 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.22 Tw (do you consider that word impor-)Tj -15.4378 -1 TD 0 Tw (tant?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.394 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 187.0496 245.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 205.2733 245.9999 Tm 0.394 Tw (. The word of course is important, but my under-)Tj -5.8273 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (standing was that the words were identical. But I personally have)Tj T* 0.18 Tw (not looked at the Heritage speech. I have just simply taken it on)Tj T* 0.362 Tw (face value that the words that we had presented to Secretary)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Bolton were the ones used, and I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.3868 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (ve been told that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.9169 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s the case.)Tj -22.7116 -1 TD 0.246 Tw (And if that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.5479 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.246 Tw (s the case, I used exactly the same words because)Tj -6.7519 -1 TD 0.27 Tw (they were the words originally approved for Secretary Bolton to)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (give in the speech. I just happened to give them first.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.226 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.1193 165.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.791 165.9999 Tm 0.226 Tw (. Was the entire interagency intelligence commu-)Tj -7.7791 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (nity given an opportunity to review and clear your March 19 testi-)Tj T* 0 Tw (mony?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.5096 135.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.7333 135.9999 Tm 0.14 Tw (. The way we normally submit for intelligence commu-)Tj -5.5733 -1 TD 0.126 Tw (nity clearance, we send)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.1378 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.126 Tw (for example, today we sent my testimony)Tj -12.1378 -1 TD 0.202 Tw (to the NIC, National Intelligence Council, and it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.7127 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.202 Tw (s their responsi-)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00013)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 57 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 59 0 obj << /Length 5866 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (10)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.116 Tw (bility then to ship it around to various members of the community)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (and to come back with a community-approved clearance.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (But I was very careful in my testimony to say today I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.2176 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.06 Tw (m speaking)Tj -26.4216 -1 TD 0.33 Tw (for INR, and for Carl Ford. For CIA, for DIA, those are inde-)Tj T* 0.272 Tw (pendent agencies, and on this important subject you should ask)Tj T* 0.212 Tw (them directly. Now, my sense is that they not only cleared what)Tj T* 0.144 Tw (I said, but they also agree with what I said. But that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.8856 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.144 Tw (s something)Tj -26.0896 -1 TD 0.18 Tw (you should test for yourself by asking the various other members)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (of the intelligence community their views.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.122 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.0793 555.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.751 555.9999 Tm 0.122 Tw (. Well, was it at your initiative that the Cuba ma-)Tj -7.6751 -1 TD 0.256 Tw (terial be included in your March 19 testimony or did that come)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (from some other bureau?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.3496 525.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.5733 525.9999 Tm 0.124 Tw (. The requirement was to do a worldwide chemical-bio-)Tj -5.5573 -1 TD 0.308 Tw (logical warfare presentation at the unclassified level to the full)Tj T* 0.084 Tw (committee, that the chairman and others were interested in an ini-)Tj T* 0.142 Tw (tiative on that subject this year on the committee. So that we put)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (together a worldwide brief. Cuba is one of the topics that is in)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.7946 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -30.7946 -1 TD 0.114 Tw (if you ask us for a worldwide brief on chemical-biological weapons,)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Cuba would routinely and naturally appear.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.144 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.2993 455.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.971 455.9999 Tm 0.144 Tw (. Well, there was a speech given on November 19,)Tj -7.6971 -1 TD 0.068 Tw (2001, at the Geneva meeting on specifically the subject of biological)Tj T* 0.146 Tw (weapons, and at that speech Mr. Bolton specifically left Cuba out.)Tj T* 0.078 Tw (Do you understand why, when he listed almost every other country)Tj T* 0.208 Tw (that posed somewhat of a threat in this area, and yet Cuba was)Tj T* 0.182 Tw (not mentioned at all in those comments, at an audience gathered)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (specifically for that subject matter?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.212 Tw (How do you explain 6 months, at an important meeting where)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (one might assume that if the threat is as described that it would)Tj T* 0.278 Tw (be mentioned, whereas in a speech before a think tank here in)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Washington we find an opposite disclosure?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.082 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.9296 345.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.1533 345.9999 Tm 0.082 Tw (. Well, again, I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.0069 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.082 Tw (m not trying to evade your question. It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.4087 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -31.339 -1 TD 0.116 Tw (obviously a logical and an important question. But best to ask Mr.)Tj T* 0.162 Tw (Bolton. He was the one that gave both speeches and both presen-)Tj T* 0.178 Tw (tations and he will know and can give you right from the horse)Tj /F18 1 Tf 31.1206 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -31.3246 -1 TD 0.076 Tw (mouth what his intentions were and what his thoughts were at the)Tj T* 0 Tw (time.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.122 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.0793 285.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.751 285.9999 Tm 0.122 Tw (. Did you or your staff at the INR have the oppor-)Tj -7.6751 -1 TD 0.132 Tw (tunity to review and clear Mr. Bolton)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.9777 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.132 Tw (s May 6 speech before deliv-)Tj -18.1817 -1 TD 0 Tw (ery?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.132 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.4296 255.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.6533 255.9999 Tm 0.132 Tw (. I did not personally look at the speech. Let me check)Tj -5.5653 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (and see.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0 Tw ([Pause.])Tj T* 0.094 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.0496 225.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.2733 225.9999 Tm 0.094 Tw (. My staff tells me that we only looked at the intel por-)Tj -5.5273 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (tions of the speech.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.296 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.8193 205.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.491 205.9999 Tm 0.296 Tw (. Did your staff or you have any disagreements)Tj -7.8491 -1 TD 0.244 Tw (with the draft versions of the speech submitted for clearance by)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Mr. Bolton?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.182 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.9296 175.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.1533 175.9999 Tm 0.182 Tw (. The portions that were shown us were ones that we)Tj -5.6153 -1 TD 0.132 Tw (had cleared through the intelligence community process earlier, so)Tj T* 0.072 Tw (that to the best of my knowledge we didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.5607 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (t)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.389 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.072 Tw (since we didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.3849 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.072 Tw (t see the)Tj -27.7426 -1 TD 0.198 Tw (speech in its entirety, we only saw those portions that had to do)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (with CW or BW)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.4329 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -6.4329 -1 TD 0.204 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.8993 125.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.571 125.9999 Tm 0.204 Tw (. But you were given the draft speech, your staff)Tj -7.7571 -1 TD 0 Tw (was?)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00014)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 60 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 62 0 obj << /Length 6586 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (11)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 646 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 646 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Not to my knowledge.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 636 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 636 Tm 0.052 Tw (. They)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.923 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (re saying yes behind you.)Tj -9.7321 -1 TD 0 Tw ([Pause.])Tj T* 0.216 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.2696 616 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.4933 616 Tm 0.216 Tw (. Oh, OK. Clarification. I misunderstood. We received)Tj -5.6493 -1 TD 0.204 Tw (the whole speech, but we only commented on those portions that)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (were from intelligence.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.21 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.9593 586 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.631 586 Tm 0.21 Tw (. Did you have any disagreements with the draft)Tj -7.7631 -1 TD 0 Tw (speech?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.18 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.9096 565.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.1333 565.9999 Tm 0.18 Tw (. On the intelligence side we did not. We approved it.)Tj -5.6133 -1 TD 0.208 Tw (It was the language that we had provided. Again, it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.6726 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.463 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.208 Tw (the intel-)Tj -27.3396 -1 TD 0 Tw (ligence)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.222 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.134 Tw (we don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.375 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.134 Tw (t make it a secret within our building what INR)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.3207 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -31.3255 -1 TD 0.132 Tw (views are. So that all of the members, Secretary Bolton, Secretary)Tj T* 0.122 Tw (Powell and others, all know what INR)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.3467 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.122 Tw (s position on intelligence is.)Tj -17.5507 -1 TD 0.128 Tw (But it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.832 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.128 Tw (s not our responsibility or our job to tell the policymakers)Tj -4.036 -1 TD 0.148 Tw (what the implications of that intelligence are or what they should)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (do about particular problems around the world.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.068 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.5393 485.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.211 485.9999 Tm 0.068 Tw (. But if you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.3339 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.068 Tw (re going to get into intelligence matters)Tj -13.159 -1 TD 0.198 Tw (and make a public speech and you have things in there that the)Tj T* 0.208 Tw (interagency task force would disagree with, I presume that point)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (would be made?)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 445.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 445.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. That point would be made.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD 0.226 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.1193 435.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.791 435.9999 Tm 0.226 Tw (. Was the entire interagency intelligence commu-)Tj -7.7791 -1 TD 0.194 Tw (nity given the opportunity to review and clear the full content of)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Mr. Bolton)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.0329 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s May 6 Heritage Foundation speech?)Tj -4.2369 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 405.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 405.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.03 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t know.)Tj -7.7193 -1 TD 0.064 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.4993 396 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.171 396 Tm 0.064 Tw (. You want to check with your people? Do you want)Tj -7.6171 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (to ask?)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 375.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 375.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.015 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (m sorry?)Tj -5.7043 -1 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 365.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 365.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Do you want to ask your people?)Tj -6.6051 -1 TD 0.246 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.5696 355.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.7933 355.9999 Tm 0.246 Tw (. I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.418 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.246 Tw (t think they would know, either. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.0708 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.246 Tw (ll take the)Tj -26.576 -1 TD 0 Tw (question.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.0593 335.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.731 335.9999 Tm 0.12 Tw (. Well, who would be responsible for ensuring that)Tj -7.6731 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (interagency clearance is requested and received?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.144 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.5496 315.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.7733 315.9999 Tm 0.144 Tw (. The normal process is that if you have a speech that)Tj -5.5773 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (you want cleared with the intelligence community you bring that)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (to INR. INR sends it to the National Intelligence Council. The Na-)Tj T* 0.25 Tw (tional Intelligence Council then clears it through the rest of the)Tj T* 0.058 Tw (community. When we get it back, it has the stamp of approval from)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the intelligence community.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.182 Tw (In this particular case, the speech itself was not of a matter of)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.212 Tw (intelligence community responsibility and so that the only things)Tj T* 0.248 Tw (that were cleared or focused on were those parts that contained)Tj T* 0.21 Tw (sources and methods and/or that purported to be the intelligence)Tj T* 0 Tw (community)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.1849 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s view.)Tj -4.3889 -1 TD 0.114 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.9993 205.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.671 205.9999 Tm 0.114 Tw (. Let me ask you one additional question. My time)Tj -7.6671 -1 TD 0.26 Tw (is up, just to wrap up this line of questioning. It was not until)Tj T* 0.12 Tw (March, obviously, until your testimony here on March 19, that the)Tj T* 0.072 Tw (administration publicly commented on this specific issue. What fac-)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (tors influenced the decision to address this issue publicly? Did any)Tj T* 0.184 Tw (administration officials in the State Department other than those)Tj T* 0.188 Tw (in the Bureau of INR or in any other governmental agencies dis-)Tj T* 0.164 Tw (cuss with you the inclusion of the Cuba matter in your March 19)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (public testimony?)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 115.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 115.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No, sir, they did not.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00015)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 63 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 65 0 obj << /Length 6324 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (12)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.052 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 646 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 646 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Senator Chafee.)Tj -6.6051 -1 TD (Senator C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 636 Tm 0 Tw (HAFEE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.1468 636 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.)Tj -7.6147 -1 TD 0.144 Tw (Is there any evidence in the past number of years or decades of)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (the Cuban military using biological weapons in any of their adven-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tures around the world, whether it is Angola or anywhere else?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.114 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.2496 596 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.4733 596 Tm 0.114 Tw (. Senator Chafee, I would prefer when we start talking)Tj -5.5473 -1 TD 0.098 Tw (about what I know beyond my unclassified statement, I would pre-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (fer to take that question in closed session, if you don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.6896 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t mind.)Tj -23.8936 -1 TD 0.25 Tw (Senator C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.7993 565.9999 Tm 0 Tw (HAFEE)Tj 10 0 0 10 235.1268 565.9999 Tm 0.25 Tw (. Very good. Can you answer how quickly and)Tj -8.8127 -1 TD 0.246 Tw (easily a biomedical project could be converted into a bioweapons)Tj T* 0 Tw (project?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.328 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.3896 535.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 204.6133 535.9999 Tm 0.328 Tw (. Senator, it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.1019 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.328 Tw (s one of the great difficulties for intel-)Tj -12.0672 -1 TD 0.142 Tw (ligence analysts, is that most of the procedures for building an of-)Tj T* 0.092 Tw (fensive biological warfare capability are)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.7597 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.092 Tw (if you have the capability)Tj -19.7597 -1 TD 0.108 Tw (to do the civilian research on vaccines and various pathogens, that)Tj T* 0.162 Tw (it is a simple matter to turn that into at least a limited offensive)Tj T* 0 Tw (capability.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.146 Tw (We have difficulty even trying to determine where all this work)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.054 Tw (would be done. It doesn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.0688 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.054 Tw (t require a large building. It doesn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.2148 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.054 Tw (t require)Tj -27.6916 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (a lot of special facilities. If you have the facilities to do medical bio-)Tj T* 0.172 Tw (technological research, you have the facilities to build a biological)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (weapon, unfortunately.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (Senator C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.2993 425.9999 Tm 0 Tw (HAFEE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.6268 425.9999 Tm 0.1 Tw (. I think one of the reasons for having this hear-)Tj -8.6627 -1 TD 0.062 Tw (ing is there is a perception that the speech to the Heritage Founda-)Tj T* 0.072 Tw (tion was counter to the administration)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.1767 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.072 Tw (s policy, it went too far. And)Tj -18.3807 -1 TD 0.26 Tw (certainly there seems to be a lot of spin control going on. Even)Tj T* 0.234 Tw (right after the speech, the Secretary of Defense is putting a dif-)Tj T* 0.056 Tw (ferent look on it. Major General Speer, Commander of the Southern)Tj T* 0.31 Tw (Command, is putting another look on the words that Secretary)Tj T* 0.07 Tw (Bolton used. And here we are even splitting hairs between whether)Tj T* 0.168 Tw (it is an effort or a program. Is that accurate? It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.3287 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.168 Tw (s an effort; not a)Tj -23.5327 -1 TD 0.156 Tw (program? I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.3479 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.156 Tw (t know the difference. They seem the same to me.)Tj -6.5519 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (I guess the main point is that the State Department has the re-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.076 Tw (sponsibility to have a unified position and to make sure that every-)Tj T* 0.134 Tw (body is not saying things to one group that they are not saying to)Tj T* 0.232 Tw (another. Do you agree with my assessment of the situation here)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (this morning?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.086 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.9696 275.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.1933 275.9999 Tm 0.086 Tw (. I would take some exception to the characterization of)Tj -5.5193 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (not much difference between a program and an effort. There really)Tj T* 0.146 Tw (is a difference. We)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.9189 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.146 Tw (ve never tried to suggest that we have the evi-)Tj -9.1229 -1 TD 0.248 Tw (dence, the smoking gun, to prove proof positive that they had a)Tj T* 0.086 Tw (program. A program suggests to us something far more substantial)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (than what we see in the evidence.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.282 Tw (But we feel very confident about saying that they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.0357 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.282 Tw (re working,)Tj -26.2397 -1 TD 0.106 Tw (working on an effort that would give them a BW, a limited BW of-)Tj T* 0.098 Tw (fensive capability. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.0688 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.098 Tw (s serious enough for us to tell you about it.)Tj -11.2728 -1 TD 0.056 Tw (If we didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.7599 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.056 Tw (t think it was important, if we didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.6918 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.056 Tw (t think that that was)Tj -21.8597 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (a dangerous thing to occur, we would have looked at the evidence)Tj T* 0.122 Tw (and said, well, this is all bogus and there)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.9067 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.122 Tw (s nothing here worth re-)Tj -20.1107 -1 TD 0 Tw (porting.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.198 Tw (I wouldn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.2719 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.198 Tw (t have given it in my March 16 speech, I wouldn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.1857 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.198 Tw (t be)Tj -29.8656 -1 TD 0.132 Tw (back here today telling you they had a limited offensive BW capa-)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (bility, if I didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.2499 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.194 Tw (t think that was a pretty important thing for you)Tj -7.4539 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (to know.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00016)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 66 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 68 0 obj << /Length 7282 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (13)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.248 Tw (Senator C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.7793 646 Tm 0 Tw (HAFEE)Tj 10 0 0 10 235.1068 646 Tm 0.248 Tw (. I guess my followup question would be then,)Tj -8.8107 -1.04 TD 0.078 Tw (why would the Secretary of Defense, of all people, not be concerned)Tj T* 0.126 Tw (that there is an effort 90 miles away from our borders? He said )Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.9926 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (I)Tj -31.4005 -1.04 TD (haven)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.815 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.412 Tw (t seen the intelligence)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.3848 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.412 Tw [( the day after Secretary Bolton)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 16.3198 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -31.3356 -1.04 TD (speech.)Tj 1 -1.04 TD 0.236 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.4696 594.0001 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.6933 594.0001 Tm 0.236 Tw (. Again, as an alumni of the Foreign Relations Com-)Tj -5.6693 -1.04 TD 0.228 Tw (mittee staff, one of the things I did learn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.5477 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.228 Tw (not a lot of things; I)Tj -21.5477 -1.04 TD 0.14 Tw (learned some things)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.6139 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.14 Tw (is don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.881 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.14 Tw (t answer questions like that. The fact)Tj -13.6988 -1.04 TD 0.154 Tw (is that I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.9939 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.154 Tw (ll let the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Defense)Tj -4.1979 -1.04 TD 0.284 Tw (and all those people speak for themselves and I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.1267 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.284 Tw (m not going to)Tj -24.3307 -1.04 TD 0.07 Tw (characterize or explain what the chairman meant by a certain com-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ment.)Tj 1 -1.04 TD 0.2 Tw (I understand your question. I understand the concerns. But all)Tj -1 -1.04 TD 0.084 Tw (I can give you is my best assessment. My only instruction from the)Tj T* 0.086 Tw (Secretary is tell the truth, and that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.8327 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.086 Tw (s what I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.9319 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.086 Tw (m doing. So that I can)Tj -21.1727 -1.04 TD 0.064 Tw (give you our best judgment on what we think is happening in Cuba)Tj T* 0.072 Tw (on BW. I have a sense of where the community is on this issue and)Tj T* 0 Tw (there)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.444 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s really no difference between us.)Tj -1.648 -1.04 TD 0.1 Tw (But if you want to test that, I would)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.4137 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.1 Tw (rather than take my word)Tj -19.4137 -1.04 TD 0.074 Tw (for it, I would suggest that you have CIA and DIA and others come)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (up and tell you directly in their testimony.)Tj 1 -1.04 TD (Senator C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 427.6001 Tm 0 Tw (HAFEE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.1468 427.6001 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you very much.)Tj -7.6147 -1.04 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 417.2001 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 417.2001 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Senator.)Tj -6.6051 -1.04 TD 0 Tw (We)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.481 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.284 Tw (ve been joined by Carl Levin of the Armed Services Com-)Tj -2.685 -1.04 TD 0.188 Tw (mittee. Carl, we will get to you in a minute, but I want to stick,)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (if I can, with our committee members.)Tj 1 -1.04 TD (Senator Allen.)Tj T* (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 365.2001 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.7869 365.2001 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.)Tj -6.9787 -1.04 TD 0.21 Tw (Just to get a few facts straight here. The young woman had a)Tj -1 -1.04 TD 0.12 Tw (chart that was up that shows your statement, Mr. Ford, on March)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (19, 2002, before the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and then)Tj T* 0.42 Tw (this supposedly controversial statement by Under Secretary of)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (State John Bolton at the Heritage Foundation on May 6, 2002.)Tj 1 -1.04 TD 0.094 Tw (If you could, is that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.3209 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.094 Tw (on the top is your testimony. Is that an ac-)Tj -11.3208 -1.04 TD 0.052 Tw (curate transcription of your testimony?)Tj 1 -1.04 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 282.0001 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 282.0001 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Yes, sir, it appears to be.)Tj -4.4853 -1.04 TD 0.212 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.4193 271.6001 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 228.3869 271.6001 Tm 0.212 Tw (. OK and under that is the May 6 statement at)Tj -8.1387 -1.04 TD 0.192 Tw (the Heritage Foundation by Mr. Bolton. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.2087 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.192 Tw (m not going to ask you)Tj -20.4127 -1.04 TD 0.052 Tw (if that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.923 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s how it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.7159 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s been reported.)Tj -6.0469 -1.04 TD 0.218 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.2896 240.4001 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.5133 240.4001 Tm 0.218 Tw (. But it was my understanding that this was correct.)Tj -5.6513 -1.04 TD 0.264 Tw (This is what I had been told, that both of our statements were)Tj T* 0 Tw (identical.)Tj 1 -1.04 TD 0.364 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.9393 209.2001 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 229.9069 209.2001 Tm 0.364 Tw (. You both used the term)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.2288 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.364 Tw (you both used the)Tj -22.5195 -1.04 TD 0.206 Tw (phrase that )Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.0609 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.206 Tw (Cuba has at least a limited developmental offensive)Tj -6.4689 -1.04 TD 0.052 Tw (biological warfare research and development effort,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.9826 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.052 Tw [( right?)]TJ -23.3906 -1.04 TD 0.238 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.2393 178.0001 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.911 178.0001 Tm 0.238 Tw (. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.017 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.238 Tw (s incorrect. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.2709 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.238 Tw (ve got the text of the speech)Tj -17.487 -1.04 TD 0.23 Tw (here. The direct line is: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.1138 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.23 Tw (The United States believes Cuba has a)Tj -12.5218 -1.04 TD 0.25 Tw (limited offensive biological warfare research and development ef-)Tj 0 -1.03 TD 0 Tw (fort.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.944 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.052 Tw [( The )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 2.438 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (developmental)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.7599 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.052 Tw [( you got was not in the speech.)]TJ -11.3658 -1.03 TD 0.15 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.7993 136.6001 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 227.7669 136.6001 Tm 0.15 Tw (. All right, that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.4329 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.15 Tw (s yours. So the evidence I have)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.0858 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -30.7994 -1.03 TD 0.18 Tw (I guess we ought to get a transcript if there)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.6207 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.18 Tw (s a court reporter at)Tj -21.8247 -1.03 TD 0.052 Tw (the Heritage Foundation.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00017)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 69 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 71 0 obj << /Length 7159 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (14)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.192 Tw (All right. Well, it seems to be substantially the same. Now, let)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.104 Tw (me ask you this. Did you both state that )Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.7557 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.104 Tw (Cuba has provided dual-)Tj -20.1637 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (use biotechnology to rogue states)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.4498 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (?)Tj -14.8578 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 616 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 616 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Yes.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD 0.176 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.0593 606 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 228.0269 606 Tm 0.176 Tw (. And did you both state that )Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.7718 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.176 Tw (We are concerned)Tj -23.2825 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (that such technology could support BW or biological weapons pro-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (grams in those states)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.0278 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (?)Tj -9.4358 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 576 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 576 Tm 0.052 Tw (. I said that, yes.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD 0.212 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.4193 565.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 228.3869 565.9999 Tm 0.212 Tw (. All right. Now, this is where I think the main)Tj -8.1387 -1 TD 0.26 Tw (concern, at least my main concern, is that according to the Na-)Tj T* 0.28 Tw (tional Intelligence Council Iran maintains a significant chemical)Tj T* 0.176 Tw (and biological weapons program and continues to develop and ex-)Tj T* 0.138 Tw (pand its CBW or chemical and biological weapons programs. Now,)Tj T* 0.102 Tw (Iran is on the State Department)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.4008 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.102 Tw (s designated state sponsors of ter-)Tj -15.6048 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (rorism list; is that correct?)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 495.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 495.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.831 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s correct.)Tj -7.5203 -1 TD 0.41 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 207.3993 485.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 230.3669 485.9999 Tm 0.41 Tw (. And does the U.S. Government believe that)Tj -8.3367 -1 TD 0 Tw (Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.445 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.092 Tw (s assistance to Iran is simply helping Teheran)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.9427 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.092 Tw (s public health)Tj -24.7956 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (program? Or do we know, if you can state in open hearing?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.086 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.9696 455.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.1933 455.9999 Tm 0.086 Tw (. We don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.1719 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.086 Tw (t know, but I would like to expand my answer)Tj -9.8953 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (in closed session if I might, Senator.)Tj 1 -1 TD (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 435.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.7869 435.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Fair enough.)Tj -6.9787 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (Should we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.9469 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.15 Tw (or can we assume that the transfer of sophisticated)Tj -6.9469 -1 TD 0.202 Tw (biotechnology which has a dual use from Cuba to rogue states is)Tj T* 0.076 Tw (for a benign purpose? Can we make any assumption or can you an-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (swer that?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.082 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.9296 386 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.1533 386 Tm 0.082 Tw (. I certainly wouldn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.2649 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.082 Tw (t make that assumption myself and)Tj -14.9842 -1 TD 0.056 Tw (I wouldn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.1299 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.056 Tw (t see it only as a one-way street, that the sharing of chem-)Tj -4.3339 -1 TD 0.174 Tw (ical, biological, and even nuclear weapons technology is a concern)Tj T* 0.138 Tw (of mine and I think the intelligence community. So that while I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.7066 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (m)Tj -30.9105 -1 TD 0.088 Tw (concerned about what Cuba and its biotechnological capability may)Tj T* 0.28 Tw (be providing other countries like Iran, I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.9577 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.28 Tw (m also concerned about)Tj -20.1617 -1 TD 0.076 Tw (their associations with countries that also have a chemical and bio-)Tj T* 0.204 Tw (logical warfare capability and there can be an exchange of ideas,)Tj T* 0.086 Tw (exchange of capabilities, again as part of the process of showing an)Tj T* 0.072 Tw (interest and watching very carefully what they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.1367 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.072 Tw (re up to in Iran and)Tj -22.3407 -1 TD 0.174 Tw (Iraq, Syria, Libya, wherever else they might be talking to people.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.356 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.8593 275.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 229.8269 275.9999 Tm 0.356 Tw (. Without getting into the names of countries,)Tj -8.2827 -1 TD 0.19 Tw (which we had in a top secret briefing yesterday afternoon, we do)Tj T* 0.136 Tw (have different levels of concern or levels and understanding of the)Tj T* 0.12 Tw (levels of capabilities of different countries in the world in their ca-)Tj T* 0.084 Tw (pacity, whether they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.6869 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.084 Tw (re programs or efforts, to produce biological or)Tj -9.8908 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (chemical weapons; isn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.3828 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t that correct?)Tj -9.5868 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 215.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 215.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.831 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s correct.)Tj -7.5203 -1 TD 0.126 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.5593 205.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 227.5269 205.9999 Tm 0.126 Tw (. And while Cuba may not be as high in their ca-)Tj -8.0527 -1 TD 0.176 Tw (pabilities as other countries, there is clear evidence that they are)Tj T* 0.326 Tw (transferring at least dual-use biotechnology that could be used,)Tj T* 0.356 Tw (could potentially be used, in biological or chemical weapons to)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (countries that do have a greater capacity than even Cuba does?)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 155.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 155.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. That is correct.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD 0.146 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.7593 145.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 227.7269 145.9999 Tm 0.146 Tw (. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.925 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.146 Tw (s kind of following yours, but I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.9328 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.146 Tw (m trying to)Tj -26.3384 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (be more specific.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.7096 125.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.9333 125.9999 Tm 0.16 Tw (. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.939 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.16 Tw (s correct, Senator. Just so that you understand,)Tj -8.7363 -1 TD 0.148 Tw (what I have said is that, although we make a distinction between)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00018)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 72 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 74 0 obj << /Length 6831 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (15)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.066 Tw (a program and an effort, it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.6088 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.066 Tw (s not to suggest that an effort can)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.9818 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.066 Tw (t hurt)Tj -28.9986 -1.02 TD 0.278 Tw (you. A program in our minds is, really the standard that we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.6536 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (re)Tj -30.8576 -1.02 TD 0.084 Tw (using to compare is the Soviet Union during the cold war, the Rus-)Tj T* 0.104 Tw (sians and what sort of program they had, which include test facili-)Tj T* (ties, weapons development, weapons production, the weaponization)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (process in its sort of entirety.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.168 Tw (If you look at what we see going on in Cuba, we don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.8906 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.168 Tw (t see that)Tj -27.0946 -1.02 TD 0.176 Tw (sort of thing. But the fact is that with BW you don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.1596 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.176 Tw (t have to put)Tj -25.3636 -1.02 TD 0.136 Tw (it in a 130-millimeter howitzer shell and deliver it or deliver it by)Tj T* 0.098 Tw (a rocket for it to be dangerous. Unfortunately, it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.0267 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.098 Tw (s the sort of thing)Tj -23.2307 -1.02 TD 0.176 Tw (that can be carried by individuals and brought here in an uncon-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (ventional way.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.15 Tw (So an effort, no matter how small or how suspicious, how much)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.12 Tw (evidence we have, is still something for us in the intelligence com-)Tj T* 0.174 Tw (munity to worry about and report to you as something you ought)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (to know about.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.186 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.1593 482.8 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 228.1269 482.8 Tm 0.186 Tw (. Now, as you know, Cuba is a signatory)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.9187 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (thank)Tj -29.0314 -1.02 TD 0.144 Tw (you for that comment and insight. Cuba is a signatory to the Bio-)Tj T* 0.226 Tw (logical Weapons Convention, and if you stand behind your state-)Tj T* 0.1 Tw (ment of March 19, which you say you have, that Cuba has at least)Tj T* 0.212 Tw (a limited developmental offensive biological warfare research and)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (development effort, then wouldn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.1798 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.06 Tw (t Cuba be in violation of the BWC?)Tj -14.3838 -1.02 TD 0.072 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.8296 421.6 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.0533 421.6 Tm 0.072 Tw (. Very good question, Senator. It was one of the reasons)Tj -5.5053 -1.02 TD 0.082 Tw (that, when I had a choice, I chose to be an intelligence officer rath-)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (er than a policy official in this administration. I simply report to)Tj T* 0.258 Tw (the policy people what I think is happening in Cuba or Iran or)Tj T* 0.126 Tw (North Korea or wherever, and it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.5378 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.126 Tw (s up to the people who are in the)Tj -15.7418 -1.02 TD 0.072 Tw (verification and monitoring and arms control business to determine)Tj T* 0.104 Tw (whether or not it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.1269 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.104 Tw (s a violation of an arms control agreement, inter-)Tj -8.3309 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (national or multilateral, bilateral, whatever it might be.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.15 Tw (While I have a superficial and general knowledge of these arms)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.14 Tw (control agreements, I would be entirely the wrong person to make)Tj T* 0.174 Tw (that judgment without further study. It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.1847 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.174 Tw (s not normally my job, so)Tj -19.3887 -1.02 TD 0.152 Tw (I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.522 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.152 Tw (t really look at it that closely. I won)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.6457 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.152 Tw (t have any more to say)Tj -20.5757 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (in closed session, either.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.156 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.4193 289 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.091 289 Tm 0.156 Tw (. Carl, you took a strong policy position on March)Tj -7.7091 -1.02 TD 0.274 Tw (19. That wasn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.1249 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.274 Tw (t just intelligence. To the Senator)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.8348 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.274 Tw (s question, you)Tj -24.3677 -1.02 TD 0.108 Tw (called on Cuba to cease all biological cooperation with rogue states)Tj T* 0.236 Tw (and fully comply. Now, that implies you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.8077 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.236 Tw (ve got full awareness of)Tj -20.0117 -1.02 TD 0.28 Tw (what the treaty is. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.1598 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.28 Tw (s not intelligence; that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.2118 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.28 Tw (s a policy state-)Tj -23.7797 -1.02 TD 0 Tw (ment.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.122 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.3296 227.8 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.5533 227.8 Tm 0.122 Tw (. It also suggests that I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.2228 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.122 Tw (m not perfect. If you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.8389 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.122 Tw (ve noticed)Tj -27.025 -1.02 TD 0.164 Tw (that in my testimony today, that I looked at much more carefully)Tj T* 0.274 Tw (than I did the Cuba part, the Cuba part on my 16th of March)Tj T* 0.244 Tw (statement, which had to be done very quickly, I have been very)Tj T* 0.146 Tw (careful to state what INR)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.3628 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.146 Tw (s position is on the intelligence and I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.9867 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (ve)Tj -30.7576 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (dropped off that last sentence.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.234 Tw (I did say it on the 16th, you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.3628 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.234 Tw (re right. If I had to say it again)Tj -15.5668 -1.02 TD 0.184 Tw (today, I wouldn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.5539 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.184 Tw (t, because it is a policy issue and I simply was)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.0297 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -30.7876 -1.01 TD 0.464 Tw (what happened without my really knowing it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.6207 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.464 Tw (I should have)Tj -24.6207 -1.01 TD 0.302 Tw (known; I should have focused on it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.7758 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.302 Tw (was those words were ap-)Tj -18.7757 -1.01 TD 0.15 Tw (proved for Secretary Bolton in his speech and I simply stole them)Tj T* 0.174 Tw (from him in haste to put them in a broader speech, and I should)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00019)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 75 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 77 0 obj << /Length 6804 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (16)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.086 Tw (have caught it, didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.4999 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.086 Tw (t, and I uttered those policy statements as you)Tj -9.7039 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (correctly point out.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.148 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.7793 626 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 227.7469 626 Tm 0.148 Tw (. All right. Thank you, Mr. Chairman, reclaiming)Tj -8.0747 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (whatever few moments I had.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.23 Tw (You were not chastised by anyone for that last sentence, were)Tj -1 -1 TD 0 Tw (you?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 586 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 586 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 576 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.7869 576 Tm 0.052 Tw (. All right.)Tj -6.9787 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 565.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 565.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. I chastised myself.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 555.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.7869 555.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. OK, self-flagellation.)Tj -6.9787 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 545.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 545.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Because it was my rule that I broke, not yours.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD 0.194 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.2393 535.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 228.2069 535.9999 Tm 0.194 Tw (. Fine. In all of this, I want to say to the chair-)Tj -8.1207 -1 TD 0.118 Tw (man, I think your statement)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.6218 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.118 Tw (s accurate and I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.8239 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.118 Tw (t think you have)Tj -23.8536 -1 TD 0.204 Tw (any worry about it. I know people thrive on process around here)Tj T* 0.056 Tw (and that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.0199 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.056 Tw (s important, I suppose. The substance is what I care about)Tj -4.2239 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (and the truthfulness of the assertions is what)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.4397 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s most important.)Tj -20.6437 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (On Senator Dodd, you are correct and you stand corrected. The)Tj -1 -1 TD 0 Tw (word )Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.692 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (developmental)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.7599 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.118 Tw [( was not in Bolton)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 8.8439 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.118 Tw (s speech. But as far as all)Tj -19.3157 -1 TD 0.064 Tw (of the statements about concern for technology, supporting BW pro-)Tj T* 0.222 Tw (grams in other states and transferring it to the dual-use, it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 29.4446 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.222 Tw (s all)Tj -29.6486 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (correct. But I just want to state for the record that word )Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.5506 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (develop-)Tj -27.9586 -1 TD (mental)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.2599 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.192 Tw [( in the first sentence wasn)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 13.1458 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.192 Tw (t there, but all the rest of the)Tj -17.0178 -1 TD 0.136 Tw (concerns are the same. I want to clarify that. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.6327 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.136 Tw (m sorry for having)Tj -22.8367 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (the incorrect assertion.)Tj 1 -1 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 405.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 405.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No, not at all.)Tj -6.6051 -1 TD 0.206 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.3593 396 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 228.3269 396 Tm 0.206 Tw (. Let me ask you this, if you could answer, Sec-)Tj -8.1327 -1 TD 0.054 Tw (retary Ford. There are many states who have)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.3247 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.054 Tw (many countries that)Tj -22.3247 -1 TD 0.142 Tw (have biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries that are sophis-)Tj T* 0.464 Tw (ticated. Why would states such as Iran go to Cuba for bio-)Tj T* 0.508 Tw (technology equipment and not purchase more advanced tech-)Tj T* 0.182 Tw (nologies from those available elsewhere? Despite the economic in-)Tj T* 0.154 Tw (centives to do so, isn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.0799 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.154 Tw (t it true that European countries control the)Tj -10.2839 -1 TD 0.208 Tw (sales of dual-use biotechnologies to rogue states such as Iran be-)Tj T* 0.28 Tw (cause they recognize the nefarious intentions or potential inten-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tions of such countries as Iran?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.216 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.2696 295.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.4933 295.9999 Tm 0.216 Tw (. It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.568 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.216 Tw (s my understanding that countries in Europe and)Tj -7.4213 -1 TD 0.24 Tw (the United States, we all very carefully try to monitor the most)Tj T* 0.236 Tw (egregious dual-use capable sorts of biomedical equipment and do)Tj T* 0.188 Tw (put limits on it. To suggest that we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.5048 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.188 Tw (re perfect at that or that it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.4068 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -31.3196 -1 TD 0.158 Tw (effective, unless there is a total boycott, sanctions against a coun-)Tj T* 0.244 Tw (try, I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.577 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.244 Tw (m sure that there are certainly ways for Iran to buy it in)Tj -2.781 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (other parts of the world.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.184 Tw (But it does suggest that, from a country like Cuba, they would)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.192 Tw (have fewer restrictions, I would think, and it would be easier for)Tj T* 0.204 Tw (countries like Iran to get some of the things that they want and)Tj T* 0.16 Tw (may turn to Cuba to do that. Cuba has clearly decided that it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.1286 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.16 Tw (s a)Tj -30.3326 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (very important money-maker for them and so they are prepared to)Tj T* 0.07 Tw (sell this equipment to anybody who wants to buy it, including Iran,)Tj T* 0.182 Tw (Syria, Libya, Iraq, and other states that we have concerns about.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.32 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.4993 155.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 229.4669 155.9999 Tm 0.32 Tw (. Well, that is my concern, Mr. Chairman and)Tj -8.2467 -1 TD 0.376 Tw (members of the committee, that even if Cuba were innocently)Tj T* 0.282 Tw (thinking that they were just making money because they are a)Tj T* 0.244 Tw (generally impoverished country and they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.9387 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.244 Tw (re making money, what)Tj -20.1427 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (are those others going to do with it?)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00020)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 78 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 80 0 obj << /Length 9570 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (17)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.128 Tw (I would like to simply close by, if I could, ask that the following)Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.142 Tw (attached documents be entered into the record. One is a brief his-)Tj T* 0.092 Tw (tory of concerns and questions and suspicions about Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.3856 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.092 Tw (s biologi-)Tj -27.5896 -1.01 TD 0.348 Tw (cal weapons program. Second is excerpts from )Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.9547 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.348 Tw (Biohazard: The)Tj -24.3627 -1.01 TD 0.134 Tw (Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Pro-)Tj T* 0.172 Tw (gram in the World,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.2939 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.172 Tw [( by Ken Alibek, who I referenced earlier; and)]TJ -9.7019 -1.01 TD 0.26 Tw (then an article by Maria Werlau, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.0618 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.26 Tw (Does Cuba Have Biochemical)Tj -17.4698 -1.01 TD 0 Tw (Weapons?)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.6289 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -3.6289 -1.01 TD 0.052 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 565.2001 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 565.2001 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Without objection, so ordered.)Tj -6.6051 -1.01 TD (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 555.1001 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.7869 555.1001 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.)Tj -6.9787 -1.01 TD ([The material referred to follows:])Tj 8 0 0 8 147.28 529.0001 Tm 0 Tw (C)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 153.0559 529.0001 Tm (UBA)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 167.5135 529.0001 Tm ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.4 0 0 6.0958 169.1454 529.0001 Tm (S)Tj 8 0 0 8 175.8174 529.0001 Tm (B)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 181.5934 529.0001 Tm (IOLOGICAL)Tj 8 0 0 8 222.1597 529.0001 Tm (W)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 230.0076 529.0001 Tm (EAPONS)Tj 8 0 0 8 260.3852 529.0001 Tm (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 265.7211 529.0001 Tm (ROGRAM)Tj 8 0 0 8 295.5835 529.0001 Tm 0.0525 Tw (: A B)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 314.6472 529.0001 Tm 0 Tw (RIEF)Tj 8 0 0 8 333.4024 529.0001 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 340.0663 529.0001 Tm [(ISTORY)-412.5(OF)]TJ 8 0 0 8 379.6055 529.0001 Tm (C)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 385.3814 529.0001 Tm (ONCERNS)Tj 8 0 0 8 418.687 529.0001 Tm 0.0525 Tw (, Q)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 429.7788 529.0001 Tm 0 Tw (UESTIONS)Tj -24.0342 -1.3124 TD (AND)Tj 8 0 0 8 293.416 521.0001 Tm (S)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 298.4559 521.0001 Tm (USPICIONS)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 508.0001 Tm 0.11 Tw (In a transmittal letter accompanying the Defense Department)Tj /F18 1 Tf 29.5316 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.11 Tw (s May 1998 report,)Tj -30.7356 -1 TD 0.0675 Tw (The Cuban Threat to U.S. National Security, Secretary of Defense William S. Cohen)Tj T* 0.26 Tw (wrote to the chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 32.6575 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.26 Tw (I remain con-)Tj -33.0655 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (cerned about Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.7909 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (s potential to develop and produce biological agents, given its bio-)Tj -8.9949 -1 TD (technology infrastructure.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.135 Tw (In its public Executive Summary, the report stated, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.1926 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.445 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.135 Tw (s current scientific fa-)Tj -29.2496 -1 TD 0.2625 Tw (cilities and expertise could support an offensive BW [bioweapons] program in at)Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (least the research and development stage. Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.2757 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1875 Tw (s biotechnology industry is one of)Tj -23.4797 -1 TD 0.215 Tw (the most advanced in emerging countries and would be capable of producing BW)Tj T* 0 Tw (agents.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.3339 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -2.334 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (In the October 2001 issue of the journal Nature Biotechnology, Jose de la Fuente,)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1675 Tw (the former director of research and development at Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.5986 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1675 Tw (s premier Center for Ge-)Tj -27.8026 -1 TD 0.3425 Tw (netic Engineering and Biotechnology, wrote he was )Tj /F18 1 Tf 26.3241 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.3425 Tw (profoundly disturbed)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.0454 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.3425 Tw [( that)]TJ -37.1855 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (Cuba was selling to Iran technology that could be used to produce biochemical weap-)Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (ons. He wrote, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.2304 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1075 Tw (No one believes that Iran is interested in these technologies for the)Tj -7.6384 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (purpose of protecting all the children in the Middle East from hepatitis, or treating)Tj T* 0.125 Tw (their people with cheap streptokinase when they suffer sudden cardiac arrest . . ..)Tj /F18 1 Tf 39.3304 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -39.3304 -1 TD 0.1025 Tw (During a May 2001 visit to Tehran, Castro proclaimed, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 26.5751 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1025 Tw (Iran and Cuba, in coopera-)Tj -26.9831 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (tion with each other, can bring America to its knees.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.6601 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -23.6601 -1 TD 0.4525 Tw (In October 2001, the Chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee, Bob)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1075 Tw (Graham \(D-FL\) told the Miami Herald that Cuba )Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.9376 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1075 Tw (clearly has the capability of pro-)Tj -24.3456 -1 TD 0.165 Tw (ducing chemical and biological ingredients that could become weapons of mass de-)Tj T* 0 Tw (struction.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.4439 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1375 Tw [( He added that it was impossible to know what Cuba was up to because)]TJ -4.8519 -1 TD 0.1875 Tw (international inspection agencies have not been given access to facilities. He said,)Tj /F18 1 Tf T* 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.08 Tw (Nobody, at least nobody that I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.3478 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.08 Tw (m aware of in the United States, feels that we know)Tj -14.9598 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (what Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.1094 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (s doing.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.6084 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -7.9219 -1 TD 0.2425 Tw (An October 2001 study by the University of Georgia)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.8876 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2425 Tw (s Center for International)Tj -27.0916 -1 TD 0.1975 Tw (Trade and Security found that safeguards to prevent terrorists and rogue nations)Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (from acquiring the equipment and material necessary to make biological and chem-)Tj T* 0.065 Tw (ical weapons are dangerously inadequate. Cuba, one of 19 countries examined, rated)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (a C)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.636 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.556 0 TD 0.08 Tw [( in limiting exports of such equipment and material. \(Atlanta Journal and Con-)]TJ -2.192 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (stitution, October 26, 2001.\))Tj 1 -1 TD 0.27 Tw (An October 10, 2001, report on MSNBC.com said, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.3116 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.27 Tw (With help from the Soviet)Tj -26.7196 -1 TD 0 Tw (Union)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.852 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.115 Tw (s massive secret biological weapons program, Castro was able to build one of)Tj -3.056 -1 TD 0.2075 Tw (the world)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.5964 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2075 Tw (s most sophisticated biotechnology industries which can also be used to)Tj -4.8004 -1 TD 0.0825 Tw (build weapons of mass destruction.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.5168 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0825 Tw [( Former Soviet scientist Ken Alibeck \(see below\))]TJ -16.9247 -1 TD 0.065 Tw (says he helped to train Cubans in this technology, which he now regrets. )Tj /F18 1 Tf 34.6255 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.065 Tw (This work)Tj -35.0335 -1 TD 0.1275 Tw (would be used for developing biological weapons or biological agents. As a result of)Tj T* 0.185 Tw (this, we helped Castro develop biological weapons. It was such a stupid decision.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 39.3544 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -38.3544 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (Also reported: Gen. Charles Wilhelm, a former Southcom Commander said: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 36.5755 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (The)Tj -37.9835 -1 TD 0.1775 Tw (indications we have is that they have the capability to produce those type of sub-)Tj T* 0 Tw (stances.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.7039 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.245 Tw [( The Canadian Security Intelligence Service, which investigates terrorist)]TJ -4.1119 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (threats, said in a 1996 report, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.7608 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.12 Tw (Cuba has been a supply source [to terrorist groups])Tj -15.1688 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (for toxin and chemical weapons.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.0258 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -14.0258 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (At an October 11, 2001, hearing of the House Intelligence Terrorism and Home-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.065 Tw (land Security Subcommittee, Rep. Chris Shays \(R-CT\), noted that the Pentagon lists)Tj T* 0.2125 Tw (15 countries believed to have biological weapons)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.5567 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.2125 Tw (among them, Cuba. \(Associated)Tj -24.5566 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (Press, October 11, 2001\))Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1725 Tw (In his 1999 book Biohazard: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Bio-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (logical Weapons Program in the World)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.3837 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.11 Tw (Told from the Inside by the Man Who Ran)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00021)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 81 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 84 0 obj << /Length 9174 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (18)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 648 Tm 0.1025 Tw (It \(Random House\), former KGB Colonel Ken Alibek, second in command of the So-)Tj 0 -1.0125 TD 0.125 Tw (viet offensive biological warfare program until his defection in 1992, wrote that his)Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (former boss, Maj. Gen. Yuri Kalinin, visited several Cuban biotechnology facilities)Tj T* 0.1825 Tw (in 1990 and told him he was convinced the Castro regime was deeply involved in)Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (a biological warfare research effort. Alibek, who is widely respected in the U.S. bio-)Tj T* 0.1 Tw (logical warfare community, told the Miami Herald \(June 23, 1999\), )Tj /F18 1 Tf 32.1905 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1 Tw (Kalinin saw no)Tj -32.5985 -1.0125 TD 0.1125 Tw (weapons production, but with his experience in offensive biological warfare work, it)Tj T* 0.125 Tw (was his opinion that they were doing offensive work also. They are using the same)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (cover stories we had developed, about factories to produce single-cell bacteria as ani-)Tj T* 0.3475 Tw (mal feed. Maybe we were over-suspicious, but we did not believe their stories)Tj T* 12.6025 Tw (. . . .)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (In my personal opinion, I have no question Cuba is involved.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.4726 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -27.4726 -1.0125 TD 0.265 Tw (In an October 2, 2001, commentary in the Los Angeles Times, author Jeremy)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1325 Tw (Rifkin \(The Biotech Century, Tarcher Putnam, 1998\) notes, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.8216 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1325 Tw (Iraq, long known as a)Tj -29.2296 -1.0125 TD 0.275 Tw (threat for biological warfare, is not alone in its interest in developing biological)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (weapons. In a 1995 study, the CIA reported that 16 other countries were suspected)Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (of researching and stockpiling germ warfare agents-ban, Libya, Syria, North Korea,)Tj T* 0.215 Tw (Taiwan, Israel, Egypt, Vietnam, Laos, Cuba, Bulgaria, India, South Korea, South)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (Africa, China and Russia.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.0473 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -11.0473 -1.0125 TD 0.27 Tw (In his 2001 book Scourge: The Once and Future Threat of Smallpox \(Atlantic)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.0725 Tw (Monthly Press\), Jonathan Tucker, a leading expert on biological and chemical weap-)Tj T* 0.165 Tw (ons writes, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.6269 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.165 Tw (leaks and rumors of uncertain reliability suggested that several coun-)Tj -6.0349 -1.0125 TD 0.1275 Tw (tries might have inadvertently or deliberately retained specimens of the virus from)Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (the time when smallpox was a common disease. Possible suspects included China,)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (Cuba, India, Israel, Pakistan, and Yugoslavia.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.6202 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -20.6202 -1.0125 TD 0.1525 Tw (In their 2000 book Living Terrors: What America Needs to Know to Survive the)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.0775 Tw (Coming Bioterrorist Catastrophe \(Delta Publishing\), experts Michael Osterholm and)Tj T* 0.065 Tw (John Schwartz cited a 1999 report by the congressionally created Commission to As-)Tj T* 0.1425 Tw (sess the Organization of the Federal Govemment to Combat Proliferation of Weap-)Tj T* 0.095 Tw (ons of Mass Destruction that said )Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.3678 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.095 Tw (most of the nations identified as sponsors of ter-)Tj -16.7758 -1.0125 TD 0.1425 Tw (rorism either have or are seeking weapons of mass destruction. \(Those nations are)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Sudan and Syria\).)Tj /F18 1 Tf 26.4436 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -25.4436 -1.0125 TD 0.0975 Tw (In the July 12, 1999, issue of the New Yorker, Richard Preston, an expert on bio-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.0725 Tw (logical and chemical weapons, reported that the U.S. govemment )Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.934 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0725 Tw (keeps a list of na-)Tj -31.342 -1.0125 TD 0.0825 Tw (tions and groups that it suspects either have clandestine stocks of smallpox or seem)Tj T* 0.155 Tw (to be trying to buy or steal the virus.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.1497 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.155 Tw [( The classified list is )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 10.4809 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.155 Tw (said to include)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.0329 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.155 Tw [( Cuba)]TJ -36.8875 -1.0125 TD 0.0525 Tw (along with nine other countries.)Tj 1 -1.0125 TD 0.075 Tw (A March 31, 1998, article in the Washington Post said, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 26.3106 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.075 Tw (Cuba has one of the most)Tj -27.7186 -1.0125 TD 0.1275 Tw (sophisticated biotech and pharmaceutical industries in the hemisphere. Because le-)Tj T* 0.1375 Tw (thal biological materials can be produced by countries with biotech industries, it is)Tj T* 0.195 Tw (difficult to determine when a country moves from simply having the capability to)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (produce deadly viruses, to the intent or plans to do so.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.9646 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1 Tw [( It said, )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 4.1159 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1 Tw (while [Clinton] ad-)Tj -30.8965 -1 TD 0.2975 Tw (ministration officials do not allege that Cuba has such weapons, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 32.8315 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2975 Tw (You can)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.0014 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2975 Tw (t say)Tj -37.241 -1 TD 0 Tw (there)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.444 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (s no capability,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.0699 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0525 Tw [( said one defense official.)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 11.7108 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -20.6327 -1 TD 0.2325 Tw (According to Insight Magazine \(July 20, 1998\), )Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.4632 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2325 Tw (A classified annex to the Pen-)Tj -24.8712 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (tagon final report to Congress [in 1998] further warns: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 26.4726 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.11 Tw (According to sources within)Tj -26.6766 -1 TD 0.1625 Tw (Cuba, at least one research site is run and funded by the Cuban military to work)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (on the development of offensive and defensive biological weapons.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.7555 0 TD 0.165 Tc 0 Tw [()165()]TJ /F22 1 Tf -29.7555 -1 TD 0 Tc 0.22 Tw (A December 1993 Office of Technology Assessment report )Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.6126 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.22 Tw (Technologies Under-)Tj -30.0206 -1 TD 0.2675 Tw (lying Weapons of Mass Destruction)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.3848 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2675 Tw [( identified Cuba as one of 17 countries pos-)]TJ -17.7927 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (sessing a bioweapons capability.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.1825 Tw (In 1988, syndicated columnists Rowland Evans and Robert Novak revealed that)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0725 Tw (Soviet-supplied Cuban troops fighting in Angola had used chemical weapons against)Tj T* (the U.S.-backed forces of Jonas Savimbi)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.8102 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0725 Tw (s UNITA. They cited evidence )Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.4373 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (scrupulously)Tj -33.8595 -1 TD (documented)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.5919 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.3225 Tw [( by the senior United Nations consultant on chemical warfare, Dr.)]TJ -5.9999 -1 TD 0.3 Tw (Aubin Heyndrickx of Belguim. Toxicologists certified that residue from chemical)Tj T* 0 Tw (weapons)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.9819 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0775 Tw (including sarin)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.0774 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0775 Tw (was found in areas of recent action. When questioned by)Tj -13.0593 -1 TD 0.125 Tw (then-Sen. Dennis DeConcini about the then-rumours, Heyndrickx replied, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 35.4445 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.125 Tw (There is)Tj -35.8525 -1 TD 0.0675 Tw (no doubt anymore that the Cubans were using nerve gases against the troops of Mr.)Tj T* 0.085 Tw (Jonas Savimbi.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.1249 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.085 Tw [( Also, the columnists noted that Heyndrickx had warned the United)]TJ -7.5329 -1 TD 0.2125 Tw (States that if Soviet-Cuban managers in Angola used gas in the past, they could)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (use it in the future.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.175 Tw (More evidence of Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.0058 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.175 Tw (s use of chemical agents in Africa surfaced in a July 28,)Tj -12.2098 -1 TD 0.32 Tw (1998, Reuters report that Wouter Basson, former head of South Africa)Tj /F18 1 Tf 35.6635 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.32 Tw (s covert)Tj -35.8675 -1 TD 0.0825 Tw (chemical weapons program, had given a sworn statement implicating Cuba. He said)Tj T* 0.2675 Tw (that South Africa had been forced to begin its chemical weapons)Tj /F18 1 Tf 32.2886 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2675 Tw [( program after)]TJ -32.4925 -1 TD 0.0975 Tw (Cuba had used chemical warfare on South African troops fighting in Angola. At the)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00022)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 85 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 87 0 obj << /Length 7096 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (19)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 147 132.2 m 197 132.2 l S BT 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 125.3972 Tm (1)Tj 7 0 0 7 158.168 123.5 Tm 0.1086 Tw (Mr. Alibek is a former deputy director of Biopreparat, the Soviet Union)Tj /F18 1 Tf 34.0669 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1086 Tw (s biological weapons)Tj -35.8663 -1.0571 TD 0 Tw (program.)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 648 Tm 0.0675 Tw (time they had been unprepared and defenseless. \(South African troops fought in An-)Tj 0 -1.05 TD 0.0525 Tw (gola until 1990.\))Tj ET 0.4 w 291 628.2 m 321 628.2 l S BT 8 0 0 8 199.38 611.6 Tm 0 Tw (D)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 205.6039 611.6 Tm (OES)Tj 8 0 0 8 221.8759 611.6 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 228.5398 611.6 Tm (AVANA)Tj 8 0 0 8 254.879 611.6 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 261.5428 611.6 Tm [(AVE)-412.5(A)]TJ 8 0 0 8 285.306 611.6 Tm (B)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 291.0819 611.6 Tm (IOLOGICAL)Tj 8 0 0 8 331.6483 611.6 Tm (W)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 339.4962 611.6 Tm (EAPONS)Tj 8 0 0 8 369.8738 611.6 Tm (P)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 375.2097 611.6 Tm (ROGRAMS)Tj 8 0 0 8 409.1041 611.6 Tm (?)Tj /F19 1 Tf -32.763 -1.675 TD 0.16 Tw (Excerpts from )Tj 6.4 0 0 6.1106 202.7272 598.2001 Tm 0 Tw (BIOHAZARD)Tj 8 0 0 8 243.2647 598.2001 Tm 0.16 Tw (: The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological)Tj -12.0331 -1.05 TD 0.135 Tw (Weapons Program in the World )Tj /F22 1 Tf 15.3578 0 TD (by Ken Alibek)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 325.6534 591.9679 Tm 0 Tw (1)Tj 8 0 0 8 332.4141 589.8 Tm 0.135 Tw (\(Random House, 2000\). Pages 273-)Tj -23.1768 -1.05 TD 0 Tw (277)Tj 1 -1.8 TD 0.185 Tw (When Yuri Ovchinnikov died in 1987, I joined a group of Biopreparat scientists)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.06 Tw (at his funeral services in Moscow. The conversation eventually turned to Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 36.9025 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.06 Tw (s sur-)Tj -37.1064 -1.05 TD 0.235 Tw (prising achievements in genetic engineering. Someone mentioned that Cuban sci-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (entists had successfully altered strains of bacteria at a pharmaceutical facility just)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (outside of Havana.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3 -1.55 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2775 Tw (Where did such a poor country get all of that knowledge and equip-)Tj -1.408 -1.05 TD 0 Tw (ment?)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.833 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0525 Tw [( I asked.)]TJ /F18 1 Tf -2.2409 -1.3 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (From us, of course,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.9164 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0525 Tw [( he answered with a smile.)]TJ -11.7324 -1.55 TD 0.185 Tw (As I listened in astonishment, he told me that Castro had been taken during a)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.2025 Tw (visit to the Soviet Union in February 1981 to a laboratory where )Tj /F19 1 Tf 32.4365 0 TD (E. coli )Tj /F22 1 Tf 3.571 0 TD 0 Tw (bacteria)Tj -36.0075 -1.05 TD 0.0575 Tw (had been genetically altered to produce interferon, then thought a key to curing can-)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (cer and other diseases. Castro spoke so enthusiastically to Brezhnev about what he)Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (had seen that the Soviet leader magnanimously offered his help. A strain of )Tj /F19 1 Tf 36.735 0 TD (E. coli)Tj /F22 1 Tf -36.735 -1.05 TD 0.1525 Tw (containing the plasmid used to produce interferon was sent to Havana, along with)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (equipment and working procedures. Within a few years, Cuba had one of the most)Tj T* 0.0725 Tw (sophisticated genetic engineering labs in the world)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.8996 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0725 Tw (capable of the kind of advanced)Tj -24.8996 -1.05 TD 0.0525 Tw (weapons research we were doing in our own.)Tj 1 -1.05 TD 0.18 Tw (General Lebedinsky visited Cuba the following year, at Castro)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.2596 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.18 Tw (s invitation, with)Tj -31.4636 -1.05 TD 0.12 Tw (a team of military scientists. He was set up in a ten room beach-front cottage near)Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (Havana and boasted of being received like a king. An epidemic of dengue fever had)Tj T* 0.245 Tw (broken out a few months earlier, infecting 350,000 people. Castro was convinced)Tj T* 0.0975 Tw (that this was the result of an American biological attack. He asked Lebedinsky and)Tj T* 0.1025 Tw (his scientists to study the strain of the dengue virus in special labs set up near the)Tj T* 0.3725 Tw (cottage compound. All evidence pointed to a natural outbreak)Tj /F18 1 Tf 31.3716 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.3725 Tw (the strain was)Tj -32.3716 -1.05 TD 0.1825 Tw (Cuban, not American)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.2358 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.1825 Tw (but Castro was less interested in scientific process than in)Tj -11.2358 -1.05 TD 0.0525 Tw (political expediency.)Tj 1 -1.05 TD 0.1575 Tw (. . . Cuba has accused the United States twelve times since 1962 of staging bio-)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.0525 Tw (logical attacks on Cuban soil with anti-livestock and anti-crop agents . . .)Tj 1 -1.05 TD 0.055 Tw (Kalinin was invited to Cuba in 1990 to discuss the creation of a new biotechnology)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.0725 Tw (plant ostensibly devoted to single-cell protein. He returned convinced that Cuba had)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (an active biological weapons program.)Tj 1 -1.05 TD 0.055 Tw (The situation in Cuba illustrates the slippery interrelation between Soviet support)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.1225 Tw (of scientific programs among our allies and their ability to develop biological weap-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ons.)Tj 1 -1.05 TD 0.1875 Tw (. . . For many years, the Soviet Union organized courses in genetic engineering)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.1475 Tw (and molecular biology for scientists from Eastern Europe, Cuba, Libya, India, Iran)Tj T* 0.16 Tw (and Iraq among others. Some forty foreign scientists were trained annually. Many)Tj T* 0.2275 Tw (of them now head biotechnology programs in their own countries. Some have re-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (cruited the services of their former classmates.)Tj 1 -1.05 TD 0.0825 Tw (In July 1995, Russia opened negotiations with Iraq for the sale of large industrial)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.0925 Tw (fermentation vessels and related equipment. The model was one we had used to de-)Tj T* 0.2425 Tw (velop and manufacture bacterial biological weapons. Like Cuba, the Iraqis main-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (tained the vessels were intended to grow single-cell protein for cattle feed . . .)Tj 1 -1.05 TD 0.115 Tw (A report submitted by the U.S. Office of Technological Assessment to hearings at)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.0525 Tw (the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations in late 1995 identified seven-)Tj T* 0.2825 Tw (teen counties believed to possess biological weapons )Tj /F18 1 Tf 26.2031 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2825 Tw (Libya, North Korea, South)Tj -26.6111 -1.05 TD 0.1875 Tw (Korea, Iraq, Taiwan, Syria, Israel, Iran, China, Egypt, Vietnam, Laos, Cuba, Bul-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (garia, India, South Africa and Russia.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.7832 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00023)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 88 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F19 19 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 90 0 obj << /Length 10020 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (20)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 147 339.4 m 197 339.4 l S BT 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 332.5972 Tm (1)Tj 7 0 0 7 158.168 330.7 Tm 0.1657 Tw (Castro compared the United States to a dragon and warned against the dragon eating the)Tj -1.5954 -1.0571 TD 0.2543 Tw (lamb, Cuba. \()Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.7147 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2543 Tw (Fidel inaugura nueva escuela de formacidn de trabajadores sociales.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 33.5568 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2543 Tw [( Granma)]TJ -41.0875 -1.0571 TD 0.3229 Tw (Internacional Digital. 18 de Octubre de 2001. http://www.granma.cu/espanol/octu3/43escuela-)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (e.html. Translation by the author.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 302.9972 Tm 0 Tw (2)Tj 7 0 0 7 158.168 301.1 Tm 0.8286 Tw (Armando Correa, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.9533 0 TD 0 Tw [()-162.9()]TJ /F22 1 Tf 0.7749 0 TD (Veneno)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.4441 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.8286 Tw [( de Castro abre sospechas que Cuba oculta armas)]TJ -15.9716 -1.0571 TD 0 Tw (bacteriolo)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.1026 0.0939 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0939 TD (gicas.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.593 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F19 1 Tf 0.3294 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (El Nuevo Herald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 8.4494 0 TD (May 4, 1997, Sec. A. p.6. \(Translation by the author.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 288.1972 Tm 0 Tw (3)Tj /F19 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 158.168 286.3 Tm 0.1343 Tw (The Cuban Threat to U.S. National Security, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 21.8654 0 TD (Report Submitted to Congress by Secretary of)Tj -23.4608 -1.0571 TD 0.0886 Tw (Defense, William Cohen, 1998. The )Tj /F19 1 Tf 16.9841 0 TD (Transmittal Letter )Tj /F22 1 Tf 9.0273 0 TD (of May 6, 1998 from the Secretary of De-)Tj -26.0114 -1.0571 TD 0.1086 Tw (fense to The Honorable Strom Thurmond, Chairman, Senate Armed Services Committee, states)Tj T* 0.1229 Tw (that the review and assessment was conducted by the Defense Intelligence Agency \(DIA\) in co-)Tj T* 0.0914 Tw (ordination with the National Intelligence Council; the Central Intelligence Agency, the National)Tj T* 0.1171 Tw (Security Agency and the Intelligence and Research Bureau at the State Department. The Joint)Tj T* 0.1257 Tw (Staff, the United States Southern Command, the National Security Council, and the Bureau of)Tj T* 0.9429 Tw (Inter-American Affairs at the Department of State were also consulted. http://)Tj T* 0 Tw (www.defenselink.mil/pubs/cuparpt.htm)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 221.5972 Tm (4)Tj 7 0 0 7 158.168 219.7 Tm 0.1029 Tw (Hearing of the House Intelligence Terrorism and Homeland Security Subcommittee, October)Tj -1.5954 -1.0571 TD 0.1057 Tw (11, 2001. At the hearing, Col. Edward Eitzen, who heads the Army)Tj /F18 1 Tf 32.0204 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1057 Tw (s lead biological defense lab)Tj -32.2244 -1.0571 TD 0.2457 Tw (at Fort Detrick, Maryland \(Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases\) refused to say)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (which countries are thought to have experimented with bioterrorism weapons.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 191.9972 Tm 0 Tw (5)Tj 7 0 0 7 158.168 190.1 Tm 0.0629 Tw (Remaining countries listed are: Bulgaria, China, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Laos, Libya, North)Tj -1.5954 -1.0571 TD 0.2171 Tw (Korea, Russia, South Africa, Syria, Taiwan, and Vietnam. \(Carolyn Skorneck, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 38.3821 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2172 Tw (Anthrax Dan-)Tj -38.7901 -1.0571 TD 0.0514 Tw (gerous, Difficult Weapon,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.8251 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0514 Tw [( Washington, )]TJ /F19 1 Tf 6.511 0 TD (Associated Press, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 8.23 0 TD (October 11, 2001.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 169.7972 Tm 0 Tw (6)Tj 7 0 0 7 158.168 167.9 Tm 0.1543 Tw (The Office of Technology Assessments was established by Congress in 1972 to provide con-)Tj -1.5954 -1.0571 TD 0.0514 Tw (gressional committees analysis of emerging, difficult and often highly technical issues.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 154.9972 Tm 0 Tw (7)Tj 7 0 0 7 158.168 153.1 Tm 0.08 Tw (Others on the list were Libya, North Korea, South Korea, Iraq, Taiwan, Syria, Israel, China,)Tj -1.5954 -1.0571 TD 0.1086 Tw (Egypt, Vietnam, Laos, Bulgaria, India, South Africa, and Russia. \(Congressional Hearing of the)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 132.7971 Tm 0 Tw (8)Tj 7 0 0 7 158.168 130.8999 Tm 0.1571 Tw (DOD response to the staff report of the House Government Reforms)Tj /F18 1 Tf 32.905 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1571 Tw [( Subcommittee on Na-)]TJ -34.7044 -1.0571 TD 0.1857 Tw (tional Security, Veterans)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.9466 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1857 Tw [( Affairs and International Relations entitled )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 21.8577 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1857 Tw (The Department of De-)Tj -34.2123 -1.0572 TD 0.1114 Tw (fense Anthrax Vaccine Immunization Program: Unproven Force Protection,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 35.6686 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1114 Tw [( February 29, 2000.)]TJ 8 0 0 8 223.8 648 Tm 0 Tw (D)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 230.0239 648 Tm (OES)Tj 8 0 0 8 246.2959 648 Tm (C)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 252.0718 648 Tm (UBA)Tj 8 0 0 8 269.1694 648 Tm (H)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 275.8333 648 Tm (AVE)Tj 8 0 0 8 292.3357 648 Tm (B)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 298.1116 648 Tm (IOCHEMICAL)Tj 8 0 0 8 345.0652 648 Tm (W)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 352.913 648 Tm (EAPONS)Tj 8 0 0 8 380.6506 648 Tm (?*)Tj -14.3988 -2.05 TD 0.0525 Tw (\(By Maria C. Werlau\))Tj 6 0 0 6 153.42 618.2 Tm 0.0533 Tw [(*)-160(This article was published as Chapter 6, pp. 99-128, of )]TJ /F19 1 Tf 26.6069 0 TD (Cuba: Assessing the Threat to U.S. Security )Tj /F22 1 Tf 20.667 0 TD 0 Tw (\(Miami:)Tj -39.8506 -1.0667 TD 0.0533 Tw (The Endowment for Cuban American Studies, 2001\), edited by Adolfo Leyva.)Tj /F19 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 171 597.4 Tm 0.1025 Tw (Today this country has more options than ever, is stronger than ever, and)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.0675 Tw (has more weapons than ever to wage the ideological battleand lets not for-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (get the other weapons we have stored away and the very clear idea on how)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (wed use them, so we are calm.)Tj /F22 1 Tf 19.7775 -1.25 TD (Fidel Castro, October 17, 2001.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 437.6022 564.3679 Tm 0 Tw (1)Tj /F19 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 171 547.8 Tm 0.1225 Tw (This lamb can never be devourednot with planes nor smart bombsbe-)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.1525 Tw (cause this lamb is smarter than you, and in its blood there is, and always)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (will be, poison for you.)Tj /F22 1 Tf 19.5175 -1 TD (Fidel Castro, January 28, 1998.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 437.6022 525.1678 Tm 0 Tw (2)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 228.8 508.6 Tm [(WHAT)-412.5(DOES)-412.5(THE)-412.5(U)]TJ 8 0 0 8 295.2671 508.6 Tm (.)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 297.4911 508.6 Tm (S)Tj 8 0 0 8 301.5231 508.6 Tm (. )Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 306.391 508.6 Tm [(GOVERNMENT)-412.5(KNOW)]TJ 8 0 0 8 379.6678 508.6 Tm (?)Tj -28.0835 -1.675 TD 0.16 Tw (In May of 1998, then Secretary of Defense William Cohen submitted a report to)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.11 Tw (Congress titled )Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.4979 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.11 Tw (The Cuban Threat to U.S. National Security.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.4237 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.11 Tw [( Prepared by the De-)]TJ -29.7376 -1.05 TD 0.155 Tw (fense Intelligence Agency as a result of an inter-agency effort, the Executive Sum-)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (mary of its section )Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.0799 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.08 Tw (Biological Warfare Threat)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.2158 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.08 Tw [( read: )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 3.068 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.445 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.08 Tw (s current scientific facili-)Tj -28.0326 -1.05 TD 0.1575 Tw (ties and expertise could support an offensive BW program in at least the research)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (and development stage. Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.0818 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.15 Tw (s biotechnology industry is one of the most advanced)Tj -14.2858 -1.05 TD 0.0525 Tw (in emerging countries and would be capable of producing BW agents.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 32.3965 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 410.756 446.9679 Tm (3)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 436.4 Tm 0.09 Tw (At a congressional hearing held recently. Rep. Chris Shays, R-Connecticut. Chair-)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.2 Tw (man of the House Government Reform)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.8327 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2 Tw (s Subcommittee on National Security, Vet-)Tj -19.0367 -1.05 TD 0 Tw (erans)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.574 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.23 Tw [( Affairs and International Relations, asserted that the Defense Department)]TJ -2.778 -1.05 TD 0.3 Tw (openly lists the countries believed to have biological weapons, mentioning Cuba)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (alongside fourteen others.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 243.8385 404.9679 Tm 0.2121 Tc 0 Tw (45)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 394.4 Tm 0 Tc 0.08 Tw (In 1995, the congressional Office of Technology Assessments)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 384.0686 396.5679 Tm 0 Tw (6)Tj 8 0 0 8 390.3892 394.4 Tm 0.08 Tw (had submitted a re-)Tj -30.4237 -1.05 TD 0.1175 Tw (port to Congress identifying seventeen countries believed to be in possession of bio-)Tj T* 0.0725 Tw (logical weapons)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.3144 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0725 Tw (the list included Cuba,)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 299.1177 379.7679 Tm 0 Tw (7)Tj 8 0 0 8 305.3784 377.6 Tm 0.0725 Tw (in fact, might well be among the countries)Tj -19.7973 -1.05 TD 0.1225 Tw (alluded to in a Defense Department 2000 report to Congress: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 29.6176 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1225 Tw (Intelligence analysts)Tj -30.0256 -1.05 TD 0.1125 Tw (believe that at least seven potential adversaries have an offensive BW capability to)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (deliver anthrax.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.4974 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 211.563 354.5679 Tm (8)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00024)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 91 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F19 19 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 93 0 obj << /Length 11905 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (21)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 147 360.8 m 197 360.8 l S BT 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 353.9972 Tm (9)Tj 7 0 0 7 158.168 352.1 Tm 0.1857 Tw (Mr. Osterholm is the Director of the Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy as)Tj -1.5954 -0.9857 TD 0.1257 Tw (well as Professor of Public Health at the University of Minnesota. Mr. Schwartz is a journalist)Tj T* 0 Tw (for )Tj /F23 1 Tf 1.6065 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (The New York Times.)Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 333.2972 Tm 0 Tw (10)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 331.4 Tm 0.2771 Tw (Michael T. Osterholm and John Schwartz, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 21.4802 0 TD (Living Terrors )Tj /F22 1 Tf 7.5154 0 TD (\(New York: Delta Publishing,)Tj -31.0236 -0.9857 TD 0.0514 Tw (2000\), p. 37.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 319.4972 Tm 0 Tw (11)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 317.6 Tm 0.1771 Tw (Also listed are Russia, China, India, Pakistan, Israel, North Korea, Iraq, Iran, Cuba, and)Tj -2.028 -0.9857 TD (Serbia. \(Richard Preston, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.4956 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1772 Tw (The demon in the freezer,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.5788 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.4551 0 TD 0.1771 Tw (The New Yorker, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 8.4936 0 TD (July 12, 1999, pp. 44-)Tj -34.8391 -0.9857 TD 0 Tw (61.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 298.7972 Tm (12)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 296.9 Tm 0.08 Tw (Jonathan Tucker, a leading expert on biological and chemical armament, is currently Direc-)Tj -2.028 -0.9857 TD 0.26 Tw (tor of the Chemical and Biological Weapons Nonproliferation Project of the Center for Non-)Tj T* 0.1 Tw (proliferation Studies of the Monterey Institute of International Affairs in Washington, D.C. and)Tj T* 0.1229 Tw (has worked for the U.S. State Department, the congressional Office of Technology Assessments)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 264.2972 Tm 0 Tw (13)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 262.4 Tm 0.1657 Tw (Jonathan B. Tucker, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 10.2583 0 TD (Scourge: The once and future threat of smallpox )Tj /F22 1 Tf 23.5621 0 TD (\(New York: Atlantic)Tj -35.8484 -0.9857 TD 0.0514 Tw (Monthly Press, 2001\), p. 205.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 250.4972 Tm 0 Tw (14)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 248.6 Tm 0.0714 Tw (For more on the Iraq-Cuba relation, see Briefing Paper by Manuel Cereijo, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 35.5638 0 TD 0 Tw (Cuba-Iraq, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.4045 0 TD (Octo-)Tj -42.9963 -0.9857 TD 0.2371 Tw (ber 2001. \(Cereijo, former professor at Florida International University, claims he has inter-)Tj T* 0.1314 Tw (viewed many scientists and defectors from Cuba over a period of years. He reports that by the)Tj T* 0.2029 Tw (early 1990s Iraq had given Cuba anthrax virus for its development. See his papers at http://)Tj T* 0.2 Tw (www.amirospais-guaracabuya.org/index cereijo.html\). Also see Marcelo Ferna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 36.5401 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD (ndez-Zayas, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 5.9781 0 TD (Intel-)Tj -42.9627 -0.9857 TD 0.0886 Tw (ligence Report )Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.9343 0 TD (of October 25, 2001. \(Ferna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.469 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD 0.0886 Tw (ndez-Zayas has written has interviewed numerous de-)Tj -19.8478 -1 TD 0.2429 Tw (fectors and has contacts with diplomats and government sources worldwide. His articles are)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (available at http://www.amigospais-guaracabuya.org/index.mfz.html.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 194.9972 Tm 0 Tw (15)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 193.1 Tm 0.18 Tw (Formerly Dr. Kanatjan Alibekov, from 1987 to 1992 he was first deputy chief of research)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.0714 Tw (and production of )Tj /F23 1 Tf 8.5844 0 TD 0 Tw (Biopreparat, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.1625 0 TD 0.0714 Tw (known as )Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.8109 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0714 Tw (The System,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.8135 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0714 Tw [( the Soviet Union)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 8.2714 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0714 Tw (s clandestine biological)Tj -34.6629 -1 TD 0.0857 Tw (weapons program. Its top scientist, he had thirty-two thousand scientists and staff people work-)Tj T* 0.1057 Tw (ing under him. After an inspection trip to the U.S. in December 1991, Alibek became convinced)Tj T* 0.2143 Tw (it had no active biowarfare program. Confirming his already growing doubts, he realized the)Tj T* 0.1457 Tw (Soviet leadership had used propaganda lies to justify its huge offensive biological program. He)Tj T* 0.2114 Tw (resigned and left the Russian Federation for the U.S. several months later, in October 1992.)Tj T* 0.12 Tw (\(Ken Alibek, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.2971 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.12 Tw (Behind the Mask: Biological Warfare,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.8703 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.398 0 TD (Perspective, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.7851 0 TD 0.12 Tw (Volume IX, No. 1, September-)Tj -31.1665 -1 TD 0.1114 Tw (October 1998 \()Tj /F23 1 Tf 6.947 0 TD 0 Tw (Perspective )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.4985 0 TD 0.1114 Tw (is a publication of Boston University)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.4114 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1114 Tw (s Institute for the Study of Con-)Tj -30.0609 -1 TD 0.24 Tw (flict, Ideology and Policy\); Richard Preston, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.7004 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.24 Tw (The bioweaponeers,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.3712 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.518 0 TD 0.24 Tw (The New Yorker, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 8.6821 0 TD (March 9,)Tj -41.0877 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (1998, pp. 52-65; J. Tucker, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 12.7814 0 TD 0 Tw (Scourge, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 4.2545 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (pp. 138-162.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 117.9972 Tm 0 Tw (16)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 116.1 Tm 0.0514 Tw (Ken Alibek with Stephen Hendelman, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 18.1125 0 TD 0 Tw (Biohazard )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.1615 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (\(Random House, 1998\).)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 648 Tm 0.4075 Tw (In 2000, Michael Osterholm and John Schwartz)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.5587 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.4075 Tw (recognized experts on bio-)Tj -26.5586 -0.9875 TD 0.1575 Tw (chemical weapons,)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 217.1549 642.2678 Tm 0 Tw (9)Tj 8 0 0 8 224.0956 640.1 Tm 0.1575 Tw (cited a 1999 report by the congressionally created )Tj /F23 1 Tf 24.4476 0 TD 0 Tw (Commission)Tj -34.0846 -0.9875 TD 0.265 Tw (to Assess the Organization of the Federal Government to Combat Proliferation of)Tj T* 0.26 Tw (Weapons of Mass Destruction: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.0548 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.26 Tw (most of the nations identified as sponsors of ter-)Tj -15.4628 -0.9875 TD 0.1425 Tw (rorism either have or are seeking weapons of mass destruction. \(Those nations are)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (Cuba, Iran, Iraq, Libya, North Korea, Sudan and Syria\). According to the commis-)Tj T* 0.25 Tw (sion . . . more than a dozen states have offensive and/or chemical weapons pro-)Tj T* 0 Tw (grams.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.167 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 176.9195 594.8679 Tm (10)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 584.8 Tm 0.1725 Tw (In addition to intelligence reports, albeit imprecise, leading experts and journal-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.215 Tw (ists, relying on diverse sources, have included Cuba in the short list of countries)Tj T* 0.0725 Tw (suspected or said to have biological weapons. In 1998, for example, Richard Preston,)Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (a journalist who)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.7559 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1275 Tw (s written extensively on biological and chemical weapons, reported)Tj -7.9599 -0.9875 TD 0.0975 Tw (that the U.S. government )Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.4658 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0975 Tw (keeps a list of nations and groups that it suspects either)Tj -12.8738 -0.9875 TD 0.125 Tw (have clandestine stocks of smallpox or seem to be trying to buy or steal the virus.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 39.3424 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -39.3424 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (The classified list is )Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.6379 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (said to include)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.8279 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0525 Tw [( Cuba along with nine other countries.)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 18.0757 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 434.4437 539.5678 Tm (11)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 529.4999 Tm 0.0525 Tw (In his authoritative book on smallpox, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 18.1887 0 TD 0 Tw (Scourge, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 4.2554 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (published in 2001, Jonathan Tuck-)Tj -23.4442 -0.9875 TD 0 Tw (er)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 155.8719 523.7678 Tm (12)Tj 8 0 0 8 165.9732 521.6 Tm (sustains: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.5469 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.12 Tw (. . . leaks and rumors of uncertain reliability suggested that several)Tj -7.3266 -0.9875 TD 0.21 Tw (countries might have inadvertedly or deliberately retained specimens of the virus)Tj T* 0.2575 Tw (from the time when smallpox was a common disease. Possible suspects included)Tj T* 0.2 Tw (China, Cuba, India, Israel, Pakistan, and Yugoslavia.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.9286 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 359.0129 500.0678 Tm (13)Tj 8 0 0 8 369.7542 497.9 Tm 0.2 Tw (Tucker also cites a 1994)Tj -27.8443 -0.9875 TD 0.1825 Tw (Defense Intelligence Agency report on the work of an Interagency Working Group)Tj T* 0.13 Tw (that determined the former Soviet Union had transferred smallpox virus to Iraq in)Tj T* 0.2325 Tw (the 1980)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.2344 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2325 Tw (s or 1990)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.6519 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2325 Tw (s. Although he does not explore the Castro regimes)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.3606 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2325 Tw [( close ties)]TJ -34.859 -0.9875 TD 0.185 Tw (with Saddam Husseins)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.0568 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.185 Tw [( Iraq, these purportedly include cooperation in biochemical)]TJ -11.2608 -0.9875 TD 0 Tw (weapons)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.9819 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0525 Tw [( development.)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 6.4974 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 237.0506 460.5678 Tm (14)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 450.5 Tm 0.135 Tw (The most compelling indication of a Cuban bioweapons program, however, comes)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.11 Tw (from a high-ranking Soviet defector. In 1998, Ken Alibek,)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 366.3647 444.7679 Tm 0 Tw (15)Tj 8 0 0 8 376.3861 442.6 Tm 0.11 Tw (former Deputy Director)Tj -28.6733 -0.9875 TD 0.255 Tw (of Research and Production of the former Soviet Unions)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.7616 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.255 Tw [( biological weapons pro-)]TJ -27.9656 -0.9875 TD 0.1875 Tw (gram, gave a first-hand account of the Cuban operation. In his book )Tj /F23 1 Tf 33.7715 0 TD 0 Tw (Biohazard,)Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 458.0515 428.9679 Tm (16)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 418.9 Tm 0.1275 Tw (Alibek recounts how his boss)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.8448 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.1275 Tw (Major General Yury Kalinin, head of the Soviet bio-)Tj -14.8448 -0.9875 TD 0.2125 Tw (weapons program)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.4164 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.2125 Tw (had returned from a 1990 visit to Cuba )Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.0367 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2125 Tw (convinced that Cuba)Tj -29.8611 -0.9875 TD 0.06 Tw (had an active biological weapons program.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.8957 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.06 Tw [( Kalinin had been invited by Cuba to dis-)]TJ -20.3037 -0.9875 TD 0.105 Tw (cuss the creation of a new biotechnology plant, ostensibly devoted to single-cell pro-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (tein. Alibek also recalls how, in July 1995, Russia had opened negotiations with Iraq)Tj T* 0.285 Tw (for the sale of large industrial fermentation vessels and related equipment)Tj /F18 1 Tf 37.2605 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (the)Tj -38.2605 -0.9875 TD 0.1425 Tw (very model )Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.6369 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1425 Tw (we had used to develop and manufacture bacterial biological weapons.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00025)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 94 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R /F23 95 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 97 0 obj << /Length 12184 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (22)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 147 313.4 m 197 313.4 l S BT 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 306.5972 Tm (17)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 304.7 Tm 0.0514 Tw (Ibid, p. 275.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 299.6972 Tm 0 Tw (18)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 297.8 Tm 0.4743 Tw (Roberto Fabricio, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.1907 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.4743 Tw (Las instalaciones cubanas de biotecnologia )Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.3948 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (esta)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.4635 0.0939 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD 0.4743 Tw (n llenas de zonas)Tj -36.1335 -0.9857 TD 0.0514 Tw (cerradas y secretas,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.214 0 TD 0.1629 Tc 0 Tw [()162.9()]TJ /F22 1 Tf 0.7749 0 TD 0 Tc ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.3294 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (El Nuevo Herald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 8.4494 0 TD (June 20, 1999.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 285.8972 Tm 0 Tw (19)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 284 Tm 0.1571 Tw (Ken Alibek, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 6.0384 0 TD (The Chilling True Story of the Largest Covert Biological Weapons Program in)Tj -8.0664 -0.9857 TD 0.0514 Tw (the World )Tj /F22 1 Tf 4.8799 0 TD (\(Random House, 2000\), pp. 273-277.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 271.9972 Tm 0 Tw (20)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 161.196 270.1 Tm ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2343 Tw (Many of them now head biotechnology programs in their own countries. Some have re-)Tj -2.436 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (cruited the services of their former classmates.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.9379 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0514 Tw [( \(Ibid.\))]TJ 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 257.9972 Tm 0 Tw (21)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 256.1 Tm 0.0514 Tw (R. Fabricio, op.cit.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 250.9972 Tm 0 Tw (22)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 249.1 Tm 0.1371 Tw (Ike Seamans Report: )Tj /F23 1 Tf 10.3576 0 TD 0 Tw (Cuba)Tj /F19 1 Tf 2.463 0 TD ()Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1371 Tw (s Biological Weapons Industry, NBC 6. October 10, 2001. http:/)Tj -15.0526 -1 TD 0 Tw (/www.msnbc.com/local/wtvi/nbc6e201fsc.asp)Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 236.9972 Tm (23)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 235.1 Tm 0.0914 Tw (The use of chemical and bacteriological agents in war is forbidden by the 1925 Geneva Pro-)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.1714 Tw (tocol \(Protocol for the Prohibition of the use in war of asphyxiating, poisonous or other gases,)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (and bacteriological methods of warfare\) which entered into force on February 8. 1928.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 215.9972 Tm 0 Tw (24)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 214.1 Tm 0.1771 Tw (The team was led by Dr. Aubin Heyndrickx, chief United Nations consultant on chemical)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.1371 Tw (warfare, a world-renowned Belgian toxicologist and professor at the State University of Ghent,)Tj T* 0.1343 Tw (Belgium. \(Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.0501 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1343 Tw (Cuban troops in Angola said to use poison gas,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.5597 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -45.0178 -1 TD 0.8886 Tw (Syndicated Column Mid-January 1988, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 21.9836 0 TD 0 Tw (FortFreedom.com, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 9.5177 0 TD 0.8886 Tw (February 6, 1989, http://)Tj -31.5013 -1 TD 0.2114 Tw (www.fortfreedom.org/y19.htm; Ariel Remos, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.2656 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2114 Tw (Las armas bacteriolo)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.6755 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0939 TD 0.2114 Tw (gicas colocan a Castro en el)Tj -31.7657 -1 TD 0 Tw (Biocerrorismo,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.7581 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.3294 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (Diario Las Americas, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 10.1895 0 TD (July 13, 1999.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 173.9972 Tm 0 Tw (25)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 172.1 Tm 0.0514 Tw (A. Remos, op.cit.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 166.9972 Tm 0 Tw (26)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 165.1 Tm 0.1 Tw (The now defunct )Tj /F23 1 Tf 8.2631 0 TD (Voix d)Tj /F19 1 Tf 3.0261 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (Afrique )Tj /F22 1 Tf 3.8031 0 TD 0.1 Tw (is said to have published \(2/6/90\) photos of people allegedly)Tj -17.3243 -1 TD 0.1971 Tw (deformed by chemical weapons used by Cuba against men, women and children in Angola in)Tj T* 0.3 Tw (the 1980)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.3021 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.3 Tw (s. \(Jonathan T. Stride, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.8512 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.3 Tw (Who will check out Fidel Castro)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.2423 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.3 Tw (s new chemical/biological)Tj -33.2115 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (weapons plant in East Havana.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.728 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0514 Tw [( Miami. www.fiu.edu/-fcf/bio.chem.plnat91097.html\))]TJ 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 138.9972 Tm 0 Tw (27)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 137.1 Tm 0.0971 Tw (Rafael Fermoselle, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.1034 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0971 Tw (El terrorismo y la conexio)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.8243 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0939 TD 0.0971 Tw (n cubana,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.5982 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.3751 0 TD 0.0971 Tw (El Nuevo Herald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 8.5866 0 TD (October 8, 2001.)Tj -37.7482 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (\(Mr. Fermoselle is retired from the U.S. Foreign Service and the author of several books.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 124.9972 Tm 0 Tw (28)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 123.1 Tm 0.0771 Tw (Ibid. \(The pact called for a staged Cuban withdrawal of its troops and an end to South Afri-)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (can aid for Savimbi.\))Tj 8 0 0 8 147 648 Tm 0.115 Tw (Like Cuba, the Iraqis maintained the vessels were intended to grow single-cell pro-)Tj 0 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (tein for cattle feed . . .)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.4088 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 234.8547 642.2678 Tm (17)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 632.2 Tm 0.0725 Tw (In a June 1999 interview, Alibek explained that the Cubans had, since 1988, been)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (after them \(the Soviets\) for help in building the microbiology plant with a huge reac-)Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (tor. His boss, Kalinin, was aware that Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.2952 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1525 Tw (s investment in biotechnology was be-)Tj -21.4992 -0.9875 TD 0.145 Tw (yond the means of the country)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.7248 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.145 Tw (s economy and suspected the plant was actually in-)Tj -14.9288 -0.9875 TD 0.1925 Tw (tended for developing biological weapons in industrial volumes. In a previous trip)Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (to Havana, Kalinin had reported encountering severe security measures and secret,)Tj T* 0.07 Tw (closed off, areas)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.4549 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.07 Tw (just as in the Soviet offensive biological program. And, in his 1990)Tj -8.4549 -0.9875 TD 0.215 Tw (visit to Cuba, Kalinin saw the sophisticated equipment Cubans had purchased, a)Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (requirement for the development of military biological material. Alibek claimed that)Tj T* 0.19 Tw (their suspicions of a Cuban biowarfare program had began in 1987; by 1991 they)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (were seeing )Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.8089 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (irrefutable signs of biowarfare production.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.7287 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 359.1488 555.3678 Tm (18)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 545.3 Tm 0.135 Tw (According to Alibek, the Soviet Union had helped Cuba develop its biotechnology)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.2875 Tw (program after a February 1981 trip by Castro to the Soviet Union, then under)Tj T* 0.1475 Tw (Brezhnev. He writes: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.4603 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1475 Tw (Within a few years, Cuba had one of the most sophisticated)Tj -10.8683 -0.9875 TD 0.1125 Tw (genetic engineering labs in the world)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.6562 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.1125 Tw (capable of the kind of advanced weapons re-)Tj -18.6562 -0.9875 TD 0.0725 Tw (search we were doing in our own.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.8058 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 278.0301 515.8678 Tm (19)Tj 8 0 0 8 287.7514 513.7 Tm (In )Tj /F23 1 Tf 1.3685 0 TD (Biohazard )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.1824 0 TD 0.0725 Tw (he revealed how, for many years,)Tj -24.1448 -0.9875 TD 0.1475 Tw (the Soviets had organized courses in genetic engineering and molecular biology for)Tj T* 0.2275 Tw (scientists from Eastern Europe, Cuba, Libya, India, Iran and Iraq among others.)Tj T* 0.0625 Tw (Some forty foreign scientists were trained annually.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 341.8611 492.1678 Tm 0 Tw (20)Tj 8 0 0 8 351.5024 490 Tm 0.0625 Tw (He later elaborated that Cuba)Tj -25.5628 -0.9875 TD 0.63 Tw (had sent dozens of students to Moscow)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.6317 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.63 Tw (s State University for studies in)Tj -21.8357 -0.9875 TD 0.115 Tw (macrobiology and biotechnology.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 268.7021 476.3679 Tm 0 Tw (21)Tj 8 0 0 8 278.7635 474.2 Tm 0.115 Tw (Most recently, he)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.2109 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.115 Tw (s regretted having helped train)Tj -24.8853 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (Cubans in this technology, which helped )Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.2607 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (Castro develop biological weapons.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.1783 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 438.3596 468.4678 Tm (22)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 458.4 Tm 0.185 Tw (Already in 1988, the United Nations Security Council has been informed of use)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.13 Tw (of toxic weapons by Soviet-supported Cuba in Angola.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 352.373 452.6678 Tm 0 Tw (23)Tj 8 0 0 8 362.5543 450.5 Tm 0.13 Tw (Belgian toxicologists)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 440.9211 452.6678 Tm 0 Tw (24)Tj 8 0 0 8 451.1025 450.5 Tm (had)Tj -38.0128 -0.9875 TD 0.1575 Tw (certified that residue of chemical weapons)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.2322 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.1575 Tw (including sarin and VX gas)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.1868 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.1575 Tw (had been)Tj -35.419 -0.9875 TD 0.2975 Tw (found in plants, water and soil where Cuban troops were alleged to have used)Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (chemicals against Savimbi)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.4728 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0775 Tw (s troops. Additional tests had provide evidence that other)Tj -12.6768 -0.9875 TD 0 Tw (substances)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.0559 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0925 Tw (such as napalm and sarin)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.2608 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0925 Tw (were used against civilian populations sup-)Tj -19.3167 -0.9875 TD 0.2725 Tw (porting Savimbi;)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 212.291 413.1679 Tm 0 Tw [(25)-212.1(26)]TJ 8 0 0 8 231.8537 411 Tm 0.2725 Tw (Allegations had been made previously that Cuba had used)Tj -10.6067 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (chemical weapons in Angola in 1984 and 1986.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 322.4333 405.2679 Tm 0 Tw (27)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 395.2 Tm 0.18 Tw (In the United States, an Evans & Novak column of mid-1988 had criticized the)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (Reagan Administration for turning away from evidence that Soviet-sponsored Cuban)Tj T* 0.2225 Tw (troops were using poison gas against the U.S.-backed freedom fighters. It argued)Tj T* 0.18 Tw (that the very serious charges were being ignored to avoid compromising )Tj /F18 1 Tf 35.4255 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.18 Tw (the cozy)Tj -35.8335 -0.9875 TD 0.1625 Tw (new relationship)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.9224 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1625 Tw [( with Gorbachev and, perhaps, to also keep from stirring the pot)]TJ -8.3304 -0.9875 TD 0.11 Tw (after the recent agreement between South Africa and Angola.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 381.3085 357.8679 Tm 0 Tw (28)Tj 8 0 0 8 391.3298 355.7 Tm 0.11 Tw (Evans & Novak as-)Tj -30.5412 -0.9875 TD 0.5475 Tw (serted that the charges had been )Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.7308 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.5475 Tw (scrupulously documented)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.3053 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.5475 Tw [( by Dr. Aubin)]TJ -31.8521 -0.9875 TD 0.22 Tw (Heyndrickx, the senior United Nations consultant on chemical warfare, and cited)Tj T* 0.1075 Tw (his recent response to an inquiry from Democratic Senator DeConcini about the ru-)Tj T* 0 Tw (mors: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.977 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.125 Tw (There is no doubt anymore that the Cubans were using nerve gases against)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00026)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 98 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F19 19 0 R /F22 49 0 R /F23 95 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 100 0 obj << /Length 11425 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (23)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 147 317.2 m 197 317.2 l S BT 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 310.3972 Tm (29)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 308.5 Tm 0.2371 Tw (Evans & Novak, op.cit. \(Heyndrickx told an African publication that in Angola chemical)Tj -2.028 -1.0571 TD 0.1943 Tw (gases supplied by the Russians had been used by dos Santos against the Unita movement of)Tj T* 0.0571 Tw (Jonas Savimbi at least between 1986 and 1991. Idrissa Fofana, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.0279 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0571 Tw (Menaces pour la paix,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.2836 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.3351 0 TD (Dentain.)Tj /F22 1 Tf -41.4627 -1.0571 TD (L)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.667 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (UNITA, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 4.3335 0 TD 0.3514 Tw (Afrique Golfe Magazine, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 12.4595 0 TD 0 Tw (Janvier-Fe)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.6026 0.0939 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0939 TD 0.3514 Tw (vrier 1998. http://www.afard-unita.asso.fr/html/)Tj -22.6831 -1.0571 TD 0 Tw (revuepress/revue15.htm\).)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 273.3972 Tm (30)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 271.5 Tm 0.0971 Tw (Actually, documents allegedly smuggled out of Cuba in 1997 indicated that Castro initiated)Tj -2.028 -1.0571 TD 0.4543 Tw (a chemical-weapons program in 1981, when Soviet technicians built a plant to produce)Tj T* 0.4286 Tw (tricothecen, the main component of )Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.6801 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.4286 Tw (yellow rain,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.8557 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.4286 Tw [( in an underground tunnel complex at)]TJ -25.3518 -1.0571 TD 0.0514 Tw (Quimonor in Matanzas province. The program was expanded some years later with the construc-)Tj T* 0.1143 Tw (tion of another chemical-weapons facility in Pinar del Rio, where Cuban and Soviet technicians)Tj T* 0.1314 Tw (began experimenting with mixtures of germs and toxins to produce anthrax. \(See M. Arostegui)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (and J. Stride, op.cit.\).)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 221.5972 Tm 0 Tw (31)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 219.7 Tm 0.1857 Tw (Basso, a doctor and toxicologist, headed South Africa)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.7284 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1857 Tw (s 7th Medical Division. )Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.634 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (SA)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.352 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1857 Tw (s poison)Tj -41.5585 -1.0571 TD 0.1257 Tw (gas secrets sold to Libya,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.0241 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.4037 0 TD 0.1257 Tw (Electronic Mail & Guardian, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 14.0921 0 TD (February 7, 1997, http://www.mg.co.za/)Tj -26.9279 -1.0571 TD 0 Tw (mg/news/97feb1/7feb-poisongas.html)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 199.3972 Tm (32)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 160.056 197.5 Tm ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2571 Tw (Cuba uso)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.1377 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.9508 -0.0939 TD 0.2571 Tw (arias qu)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.0362 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj -0.009 0.0789 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.324 -0.0789 TD 0.2571 Tw (micas en contra de Suda)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.8633 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD (frica,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.37 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.5351 0 TD (Reuters )Tj /F22 1 Tf 4.0152 0 TD (\(Capetown\)/)Tj /F23 1 Tf 5.5741 0 TD 0.2571 Tw (El Nuevo Herald,)Tj /F22 1 Tf -36.9231 -1.0571 TD 0.1514 Tw (July 28, 1998. \(Soviet-sponsored Cuban troops fought against Jonas Savimbi)Tj /F18 1 Tf 36.7605 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1514 Tw (s anti-Communist)Tj -36.9645 -1.0571 TD 0.3143 Tw (guerrillas. When negotiations began in 1988 for a staged withdrawal, an estimated 55,000)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (Cuban troops were deployed in Angola.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 169.7972 Tm 0 Tw (33)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 167.9 Tm 0.1429 Tw (A. Correa, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 5.2858 0 TD (El Nuevo Herald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 8.7237 0 TD (5/4/97, ibid. \(Brigadier General del Pino defected in 1987. He)Tj -16.0375 -1.0571 TD 0.1714 Tw (also reported that the Cubans had attempted an experiment in a helicopter, using a chemical)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (weapon, but it had failed.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 147.5972 Tm 0 Tw (34)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 145.7 Tm 0.0543 Tw (Juan O. Tamayo, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.37 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0543 Tw (U.S. downplays rumors of Cuban germ missiles,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.5141 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.3323 0 TD 0.0543 Tw (The Miami Herald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 9.327 0 TD 0 Tw (Feb-)Tj -43.3874 -1.0571 TD 0.1371 Tw (ruary 4, 1997. \(News of the existence of the documents was released by a former high-ranking)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (Air Force General, Alvaro Prendes, exiled in 1994.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 125.397 Tm 0 Tw (35)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 123.4999 Tm 0.0514 Tw (Juan O. Tamayo, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.3614 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (U.S. skeptical of report on Cuban biological weapons,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.9204 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.3294 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (The Miami Herald,)Tj /F22 1 Tf -36.4553 -1.0572 TD (June 23, 1999.)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 648 Tm 0.085 Tw (the troops of Mr. Jonas Savimbi.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.4458 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.085 Tw [( Heyndrikcx was also reported to have warned the)]TJ -15.8538 -1.05 TD 0.1225 Tw (United States that )Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.2774 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1225 Tw (if Soviet-Cuban managers in Angola used gas in the past, they)Tj -9.6854 -1.05 TD 0.0525 Tw (could use it in the future.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.9663 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 247.3145 633.3679 Tm (29)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 622.8 Tm 0.1725 Tw (Evidence of an offensive chemical program re-surfaced in 1998.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 399.3724 624.9678 Tm 0 Tw (30)Tj 8 0 0 8 409.8937 622.8 Tm 0.1725 Tw (In July it was)Tj -32.8617 -1.05 TD 0.16 Tw (reported that Wouter Basson, former head of South Africa)Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.1306 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.16 Tw (s covert chemical weap-)Tj -28.3346 -1.05 TD 0.105 Tw (ons program,)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 196.4312 608.1678 Tm 0 Tw (31)Tj 8 0 0 8 206.4126 606 Tm 0.105 Tw (had given a sworn statement with serious allegations against Cuba.)Tj -7.4266 -1.05 TD 0.155 Tw (He declared that South Africa had been forced to begin its chemical weapons)Tj /F18 1 Tf 37.2695 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.155 Tw [( pro-)]TJ -37.4735 -1.05 TD 0.0825 Tw (gram after Cuba had used chemical warfare on South African troops fighting in An-)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (gola. At the time they had been caught unprepared and defenseless. \(South African)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (troops fought in Angola until 1990.\))Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 286.99 574.5679 Tm 0 Tw (32)Tj 8 0 0 8 297.4913 572.4 Tm 0.17 Tw (In fact, the highest ranking military officer)Tj -18.8114 -1.05 TD 0.0925 Tw (to ever defect from Cuba, Air Force Brigadier General Rafael del Pino, has reported)Tj T* 0.205 Tw (that since the 1970)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.4509 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.205 Tw (s war in Angola, the Cuban Armed Forces, he explained, had)Tj -9.6549 -1.05 TD 0.075 Tw (been bent on developing and possessing chemical weapons. Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.5295 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.075 Tw (s top brass had ap-)Tj -30.7335 -1.05 TD 0.0525 Tw (proached the Soviets to request these weapons, but the Soviets had refused.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 431.6477 540.9678 Tm 0 Tw (33)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 530.4 Tm 0.135 Tw (Despite all of the above, it is unknown what exactly U.S. intelligence has uncov-)Tj -1 -1.05 TD 0.155 Tw (ered regarding Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.8469 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.155 Tw (s biochemical programs. Meanwhile, U.S. government officials)Tj -10.0509 -1.05 TD 0.1925 Tw (outside the intelligence community, while confirming that Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.8681 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1925 Tw (s highly advanced)Tj -31.072 -1.05 TD 0.1425 Tw (biotechnology industry is capable of producing biological warfare agents, have pub-)Tj T* 0.07 Tw (licly discredited allegations that Cuba is manufacturing biological weapons. In 1997,)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (for example, the U.S. State Department responded to a report of secret documents)Tj T* 0.2 Tw (smuggled out of the island with details of Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.3997 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2 Tw (s bioweapons program: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.4718 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2 Tw (The U.S.)Tj -35.4835 -1.05 TD 0.115 Tw (government follows the matter of weapons of mass destruction very closely, and we)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (can assure you that we know of no reason to be alarmed.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 26.7111 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 365.2728 465.3679 Tm (34)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 454.8 Tm 0.1175 Tw (In 1999 there was another official response. )Tj /F23 1 Tf 21.3062 0 TD (The Miami Herald )Tj /F22 1 Tf 9.2384 0 TD (published a story)Tj -31.5445 -1.05 TD 0.125 Tw (on U.S. government reactions to Alibek)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.7567 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.125 Tw (s account in )Tj /F23 1 Tf 6.1529 0 TD 0 Tw (Biohazard, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.5129 0 TD 0.125 Tw (which had received)Tj -30.6266 -1.05 TD 0.205 Tw (prominent coverage in Spanish-language media in Miami, home of a large Cuban)Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (American community. State Department sources were quoted: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.2461 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1725 Tw (Cuba certainly has)Tj -30.6541 -1.05 TD 0.115 Tw (the know-how and capability to brew terrorism-sized batches of deadly agents,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 37.3944 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.115 Tw [( but)]TJ /F18 1 Tf -37.8024 -1.05 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2175 Tw (there has been no proof that it has methodically produced military-grade agents)Tj -0.408 -1.05 TD 0.185 Tw (or munitions.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.3889 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.185 Tw [( Moreover it elaborated, there was )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 17.2598 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.185 Tw (no evidence that Cuba is stock-)Tj -24.4646 -1.05 TD 0.065 Tw (piling or has mass-produced any BW [biological warfare] agents,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.2805 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.065 Tw [( plus there was not)]TJ /F18 1 Tf -30.6885 -1.05 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.09 Tw (any sign of production facilities.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.1198 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.09 Tw [( Another U.S. official was cited: )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 15.3938 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.09 Tw (We don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.5339 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.09 Tw (t see any)Tj -35.4755 -1.05 TD 0.08 Tw (special facilities with eight-foot fences and stuff like that . . .)Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.7726 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.08 Tw [( And, yet another gov-)]TJ -29.1806 -1.05 TD 0.205 Tw (ernment representative reported that intelligence from defectors and other means)Tj T* 0 Tw (hadn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.352 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1475 Tw (t produced any verifiable evidence of bio-chemical weapons production.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 438.6677 364.5678 Tm 0 Tw (35)Tj 8 0 0 8 448.989 362.4 Tm (U.S.)Tj -37.7486 -1.05 TD 0.1775 Tw (officials, however, also acknowledged that the possibility could not be ruled out of)Tj T* 0.0675 Tw (Cuba manufacturing small quantities of biological warfare agents and containers for)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (terrorist and sabotage actions.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00027)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 101 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R /F23 95 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 103 0 obj << /Length 12949 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (24)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 147 278.8 m 197 278.8 l S BT 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 271.9972 Tm (36)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 270.1 Tm 0.2429 Tw (James Carragher, recently appointed Coordinator for Cuban Affairs, U.S. Department of)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.08 Tw (State, in telephone conversation, October 23, 2001. \(The author read Mr. Carragher quotes from)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (the Herald article of 1998 attributed to U.S. government officials.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 250.9972 Tm 0 Tw (37)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 249.1 Tm 0.2686 Tw (Roberto Fabricio, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.7793 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2686 Tw (Agencias del gobierno pugnan sobre armas bacteriolo)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.7533 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0939 TD (gicas,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.593 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.5466 0 TD 0.2686 Tw (El Nuevo)Tj -40.9328 -1 TD 0 Tw (Herald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 3.8465 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (June 23, 1999.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 236.9972 Tm 0 Tw (38)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 235.1 Tm (Ibid.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 229.9972 Tm (39)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 228.1 Tm 0.0629 Tw (0ne notable exception of media coverage was a 1998 story in )Tj /F23 1 Tf 28.7349 0 TD (The Washington Times )Tj /F22 1 Tf 11.0568 0 TD (of docu-)Tj -41.8197 -1 TD 0.2514 Tw (ments smuggled out of Cuba on the island)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.2073 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2514 Tw (s biological weapons facilities. \(Martin Arostegui,)Tj /F18 1 Tf -21.4113 -1 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0686 Tw (Fidel Castro)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.7917 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0686 Tw (s Deadly Secret)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.3233 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0686 Tw (Five BioChem Warfare Labs,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.652 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.3466 0 TD 0.0686 Tw (Insight Magazine/The Washington)Tj -29.1335 -1 TD 0 Tw (Times, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 3.4825 0 TD 0.1314 Tw (Vol. 14, No. 26 July 20, 1998.\) Aside from this, the little coverage has been, up to now,)Tj -3.4825 -1 TD 0.1114 Tw (almost exclusively limited to the )Tj /F23 1 Tf 15.8194 0 TD (El Nuevo Herald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 8.6294 0 TD (the Spanish daily counterpart of )Tj /F23 1 Tf 15.7994 0 TD (The Miami)Tj -40.2483 -1 TD 0 Tw (Herald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 3.9008 0 TD 0.1057 Tw (which is published in South Florida, home to a large Cuban American and Cuban exile)Tj -3.9008 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (community. \(Refer to bibliography for some examples.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 180.9972 Tm 0 Tw (40)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 179.1 Tm 0.2914 Tw (Maggie Fox, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.51 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2914 Tw (Anthrax available from many sources,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.816 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.5694 0 TD (Reuters )Tj /F22 1 Tf 4.0495 0 TD 0.2914 Tw (\(Washington\), October 15,)Tj -32.7889 -1 TD 0 Tw (2001.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 166.9972 Tm (41)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 165.1 Tm 0.1457 Tw (Nancy San Martin, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.5683 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1457 Tw (Cuba forced to sell technology,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.6391 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.4237 0 TD 0.1457 Tw (The Miami Herald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 9.6013 0 TD (October 10, 2001.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 159.9972 Tm 0 Tw (42)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 161.196 158.1 Tm ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (Terror)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.9991 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (s Servant,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.7375 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0514 Tw [( Editorial, )]TJ /F23 1 Tf 5.0669 0 TD (The Miami Herald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 9.3184 0 TD (October 12, 2001.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 152.9972 Tm 0 Tw (43)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 151.1 Tm 0.1514 Tw (In May of 2001 Castro went on a tour of Iran, Syria, Algeria and Malaysia. In Tehran he)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.1086 Tw (declared that Cuba and Iran could together )Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.0764 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1086 Tw (bring the United States to its knees.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.4147 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1086 Tw [( Stating that)]TJ -39.3071 -1 TD 0.1829 Tw (the United States was weaker than ever, he called for Iran-Cuba cooperation to contribute to)Tj T* 0.0943 Tw (the downfall of the )Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.3043 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0943 Tw (imperialist king.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.7814 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0943 Tc ( \()Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.7053 0 TD 0 Tc ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0943 Tw (Castro pronostica en Ira)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.0605 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD 0.0943 Tw (n el hundimiento de EU,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.7303 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.3723 0 TD (Asso-)Tj -43.0307 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (ciated Press, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.138 0 TD (Tehran, May 13, 2001.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 117.9972 Tm 0 Tw (44)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 116.1 Tm 0.0514 Tw (Ike Seaman)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.5715 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (s Report, NBC 6, 10/10/01.)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 648 Tm 0.16 Tw (After revisiting the denials issued in 1999, the Coordinator for Cuban Affairs at)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.1675 Tw (the State Department has recently reaffirmed: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.8027 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1675 Tw (We are not aware of anything dif-)Tj -23.2107 -0.9875 TD 0 Tw (ferent)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.777 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0525 Tw [( that would be at odds with those statements.)]TJ 6.224 0 0 5.2 344.173 634.3679 Tm 0 Tw (36)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 624.3 Tm 0.1325 Tw (Public contradictions point to a seeming discrepancy between U.S. policy and de-)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.2425 Tw (fense officials on the matter of Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.1597 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2425 Tw (s offensive biochemical capability. )Tj /F23 1 Tf 16.9168 0 TD (El Nuevo)Tj -35.2805 -0.9875 TD 0 Tw (Herald)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.239 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.09 Tw (the Spanish version of )Tj /F23 1 Tf 10.9348 0 TD (The Miami Herald)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.7879 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.09 Tw (reported in June of 1999: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.3038 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (Offi-)Tj -37.6734 -0.9875 TD 0.1925 Tw (cial Pentagon sources declare they are aware that Cuba has bacteriological weap-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ons,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.852 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.19 Tw [( but )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 2.492 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.19 Tw (we cannot discuss what we know because there)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.1657 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.19 Tw (s a political decision to)Tj -28.5296 -0.9875 TD 0.14 Tw (not rock the boat, yet we are concerned.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.2957 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 305.9497 586.9678 Tm (37)Tj 8 0 0 8 316.211 584.8 Tm 0.14 Tw (Further, it cites a former high-ranking)Tj -21.1514 -0.9875 TD 0.1875 Tw (government official with access to classified reports claiming that already in 1988)Tj T* 0.255 Tw (the CIA had produced a long document that concluded that Cuba had biological)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (weapons and described the island)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.7488 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (s biotechnology facilities.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 367.9167 563.2678 Tm 0 Tw (38)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 553.2 Tm 0.145 Tw (The strong indication of an offensive biochemical weapons program in Cuba has,)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.0575 Tw (until now, received surprisingly scant media attention despite the island)Tj /F18 1 Tf 34.076 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0575 Tw (s highly de-)Tj -34.28 -0.9875 TD 0.215 Tw (veloped biotechnology industry, its geographic proximity and the open hostility of)Tj T* 0.0975 Tw (the Castro regime towards the United States.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 319.9974 531.6677 Tm 0 Tw (39)Tj 8 0 0 8 329.9187 529.4999 Tm 0.0975 Tw (Tragically, since recent events have)Tj -22.8648 -1 TD 0.1725 Tw (made the threat of biological and chemical terrorist attacks a reality, there seems)Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (to be a gradual)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.1904 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0875 Tw (albeit faint)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.2004 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0875 Tw (turn of attention to Cuba as a potential source of bio-)Tj -14.3908 -1 TD 0.2125 Tw (logical weapons. An October 15, 2001 )Tj /F23 1 Tf 18.7427 0 TD 0 Tw (Reuters )Tj /F22 1 Tf 3.9704 0 TD 0.2125 Tw (report read: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.1839 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2125 Tw (According to the U.S.)Tj -29.3051 -1 TD 0.2725 Tw (Department of Defense and the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, China,)Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (Cuba, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Libya, North Korea, Russia, Syria and Taiwan all)Tj T* 0.1725 Tw (have developed potential biological weapons, including with anthrax. Such govern-)Tj T* 0.2025 Tw (ments could sponsor an attack, or sell an anthrax weapon to the right bidder.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 38.322 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 458.1596 475.6677 Tm (40)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 465.4999 Tm 0.2025 Tw (In mid-October 2001, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 10.6833 0 TD (The Miami Herald )Tj /F22 1 Tf 9.4934 0 TD (featured a story on a visit by Senator)Tj -21.1767 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (Bob Graham, D-Florida to its Editorial Board, focused on his comments that Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf T* 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.295 Tw (clearly has the capability of producing chemical and biological ingredients that)Tj -0.408 -1 TD 0.125 Tw (could become weapons of mass destruction. \(. . .\) )Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.6637 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.125 Tw (Nobody, at least nobody that I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.5728 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (m)Tj -38.8484 -1 TD 0.235 Tw (aware of in the United States, feels that we know what Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.7396 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.235 Tw (s doing.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.7909 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.235 Tw [( Graham,)]TJ -35.1425 -1 TD 0.065 Tw (however, reported it was not known if Cuban scientists are actually facilitating such)Tj T* 0.1275 Tw (efforts, partly because international inspection agencies have not been given access)Tj T* 0.2625 Tw (to facilities.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 192.2193 411.6678 Tm 0 Tw (41)Tj 8 0 0 8 203.4607 409.4999 Tm 0.2625 Tw (Two days later, the Herald followed up with an editorial favoring)Tj -7.0576 -1 TD 0.125 Tw (keeping Cuba on the State Department)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.7947 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.125 Tw (s list of state sponsors of terrorism and cit-)Tj -18.9987 -1 TD 0.155 Tw (ing, among other reasons, the lack of access to inspect for bio-chemical weapons.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 458.1954 395.6678 Tm 0 Tw (42)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 385.5 Tm 0.155 Tw (Also in mid-October, an )Tj /F23 1 Tf 11.8248 0 TD 0 Tw (NBC/MSNBC )Tj /F22 1 Tf 7.1679 0 TD 0.155 Tw (story raised concerns over Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.3598 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.155 Tw (s alleged)Tj -35.5565 -1 TD 0.105 Tw (sales of biotechnology to the Iranians, claiming the Soviets had helped Castro build)Tj T* 0.1225 Tw (one of the world)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.7564 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1225 Tw (s most sophisticated biotechnology industries, which could )Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.0811 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1225 Tw (also be)Tj -36.4495 -1 TD 0.1775 Tw (used to build weapons of mass destruction.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.8447 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 318.3415 363.6678 Tm (43)Tj 8 0 0 8 328.9028 361.4999 Tm 0.1775 Tw (General Charles Wilhelm, a former)Tj -22.7379 -1 TD 0.0725 Tw (Southcom Commander affirms: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.9213 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0725 Tw (The indications we have is that they have the capa-)Tj -15.3293 -1 TD 0.175 Tw (bility to produce those type of substances.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.3107 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.175 Tw [( The report also cites a 1996 Canadian)]TJ -20.7187 -1 TD 0.235 Tw (Security Intelligence Service report that )Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.0447 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.235 Tw (Cuba has been a supply source \(to ter-)Tj -20.4527 -1 TD 0.075 Tw (rorist groups\) for toxin and chemical weapons)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.5607 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.075 Tw [( and a 1995 U.S. Senate report which)]TJ -21.9687 -1 TD 0.155 Tw (included Cuba as one of 17 countries believed to have biological weapons. In addi-)Tj T* 0.28 Tw (tion, it recounted Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.4888 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.28 Tw (s use of biological weapons to kill rebels opposed to the)Tj -11.6928 -1 TD 0.0525 Tw (Marxist government during the Angolan Civil War.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 339.4451 307.6678 Tm 0 Tw (44)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 297.4999 Tm 0.175 Tw (How an offensive program of this nature might be kept secret is not difficult to)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (imagine. The 1999 )Tj /F23 1 Tf 9.0169 0 TD 0 Tw (Herald )Tj /F22 1 Tf 3.5769 0 TD 0.06 Tw (story included Mr. Alibek)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.9578 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.06 Tw (s reaction to refutations by U.S.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00028)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 104 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R /F23 95 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 106 0 obj << /Length 11764 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (25)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 147 292.8 m 197 292.8 l S BT 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 285.9972 Tm (45)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 284.1 Tm 0.0514 Tw (J.O. Tamayo, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.532 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (U.S. skeptical,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.7575 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0514 Tw [( op.cit.)]TJ 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 278.9972 Tm 0 Tw (46)Tj /F23 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 161.196 277.1 Tm (Biopreparar )Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.1337 0 TD 0.2286 Tw (consisted of forty research-and-production facilities, some of them enormous;)Tj -8.1617 -1 TD 0.1514 Tw (around half of its employees are said to have worked developing weapons while the other half)Tj T* 0.1086 Tw (made medicines. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, over 60,000 people were involved in the re-)Tj T* 0.1486 Tw (search, development, and production of biological weapons. The total production capacity of all)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (of the facilities involved was many hundreds of tons of various agents annually)Tj /F18 1 Tf 38.1846 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.14 Tw (including an-)Tj -39.1847 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (thrax, smallpox, and plague. \(Sources as in footnote 15.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 236.9972 Tm 0 Tw (47)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 235.1 Tm 0.0514 Tw (J. Tucker, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 5.0299 0 TD 0 Tw (Scourge, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 4.2545 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (p. 145.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 229.9972 Tm 0 Tw (48)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 228.1 Tm 0.1743 Tw (Dr. Donate-Armanda, a historian-psychologist-sociologist trained in Cuba, was a specialist)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.3914 Tw (in living conditions with the Cuban Institute of Internal Demand Management \(Instituto)Tj T* 0.32 Tw (Cubano deinvestigaciones y Orientacio)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.4528 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0939 TD 0.32 Tw (n de la Demanda Interna \(ICIODI\)\). She defected in)Tj -18.8693 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (Spain in 1993 while attending a conference.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 201.9972 Tm 0 Tw (49)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 200.1 Tm 0.0514 Tw (Maida Donate-Armada, e-mail to the author, September 3, 1998.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 194.9972 Tm 0 Tw (50)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 193.1 Tm (Jose)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.6025 0.0939 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1.0536 -0.0939 TD 0.36 Tw (de la Fuente, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.4151 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.36 Tw (Wine into vinegar)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.9981 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.36 Tw (the fall of Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.2111 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.36 Tw (s biotechnology,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.6941 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.638 0 TD 0.36 Tw (Nature Bio-)Tj -39.6607 -1 TD 0 Tw (technology, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.571 0 TD 0.1829 Tw (October 2001. \(De la Fuente fled Cuba by boat in 1999 and is now on the faculty)Tj -5.571 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (of Oklahoma State University.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 173.9972 Tm 0 Tw (51)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 172.1 Tm 0.18 Tw (R. Preston, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.7681 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.18 Tw (The bioweaponeers,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.3112 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.18 Tw [( op.cit. On this issue, also see J. Tucker, )]TJ /F23 1 Tf 20.3653 0 TD 0 Tw (Scourge, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 4.3831 0 TD (op.cit.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 166.9972 Tm (52)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 165.1 Tm 0.2429 Tw (In October 1989, a )Tj /F23 1 Tf 9.7706 0 TD 0 Tw (Biopreparat )Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.056 0 TD 0.2429 Tw (scientist, Dr. Vladimir Pasechnik, had defected to Great)Tj -17.8545 -1 TD 0.1457 Tw (Britain while on an official visit to France. His briefings stunned the British and U.S. govern-)Tj T* 0.1314 Tw (ments, which delivered a formal diplomatic protest to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev. Gorba-)Tj T* 0.12 Tw (chev denied the allegations and invited inspection teams. The Soviets, under Alibek)Tj /F18 1 Tf 40.0117 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.12 Tw (s direction,)Tj -40.2157 -1 TD 0.1314 Tw (prepared their cover for months; the inspection team, however, left with strong suspicions that)Tj T* 0.1257 Tw (the Soviets were hiding the truth. Mr. Alibek, then, led the Soviet team that reciprocated with)Tj T* 0.3171 Tw (visits to U.S. facitilities they had requested to inspect. This visit was what prompted Mr.)Tj T* 0 Tw (Alibek)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.0011 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (s reckoning and later defection. \(J. Tucker, op.cit. pp. 159-162.\))Tj 8 0 0 8 147 648 Tm 0.15 Tw (government officials: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.2258 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.15 Tw (You have to understand that bio-weapons is one of the most)Tj -10.6338 -1 TD 0.0925 Tw (sensitive topics in the world. No one shares this type of information, even with best)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (friends. But in my personal opinion, I have no question Cuba is involved.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 34.2815 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 425.8358 634.1679 Tm (45)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 624.0001 Tm 0.205 Tw (Despite the involvement of many thousands of people, only a few top scientists)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.115 Tw (and a small circle of the Kremlin leadership understood the full scope of the Soviet)Tj T* 0 Tw (Union)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.852 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.215 Tw (s huge biowarfare program )Tj /F23 1 Tf 13.6198 0 TD 0 Tw (Biopreparat. )Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.3059 0 TD 0.215 Tw (Over forty facilities dispersed over)Tj -22.9817 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (the country and a vast amount of acreage were used in the program, yet it was kept)Tj T* 0.1525 Tw (under wraps thanks to tight security, elaborate cover operations and legitimate ci-)Tj T* 0.07 Tw (vilian work \(which, according to Alibek, actually never accounted for more than 15%)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (of the research and development activities\).)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 310.5895 578.168 Tm 0 Tw (46)Tj 8 0 0 8 320.2108 576.0001 Tm 0.06 Tw (Its former top scientist has stated: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.5278 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (To)Tj -38.5871 -1 TD 0.145 Tw (the outside world, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 9.0099 0 TD 0 Tw (Biopreparat )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.9579 0 TD 0.145 Tw (was a state-owned pharmaceutical complex that de-)Tj -14.9678 -1 TD 0.1725 Tw (veloped drugs and vaccines for the civilian market. In reality, it was an elaborate)Tj T* 0.085 Tw (front for a military-funded program code-named )Tj /F23 1 Tf 23.0087 0 TD 0 Tw (Fermenty )Tj /F22 1 Tf 4.7139 0 TD 0.085 Tw (\(the Russian word for en-)Tj -27.7226 -1 TD 0.2325 Tw (zymes\) which aimed to develop a new generation of super-lethal biological weap-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ons.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.852 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 166.3997 538.168 Tm (47)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 528.0002 Tm 0.055 Tw (A high-ranking Cuban sociologist, former member of Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.3676 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.055 Tw (s Communist Party and)Tj -28.5716 -1 TD 0.1275 Tw (head of an important Sociological Research Center in Cuba, has explained that, al-)Tj T* 0.205 Tw (though she had no knowledge of biochemical weapons programs in Cuba, she did)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (have the suspicion. According to Dr. Maida Donate-Armada,)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 372.6166 506.168 Tm 0 Tw (48)Tj 8 0 0 8 382.1779 504.0002 Tm 0.0525 Tw (the biotechnology cen-)Tj -29.3972 -1 TD 0.1125 Tw (ter was under the strictest military control despite the appearance of civilian activ-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ity. )Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.952 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.155 Tw (Civilian scientists and other professionals are the face to the world, but their)Tj -2.36 -1 TD 0.1825 Tw (military counterparts, who come and go as they please within the structure, have)Tj T* 0.1775 Tw (access to all the scientific work produced by civilians. In turn, they don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 34.8905 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1775 Tw (t have an)Tj -35.0945 -1 TD 0.0725 Tw (institutional identification, nobody knows what they are working on and they do not)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (share the results of their work.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.5963 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 268.3542 458.168 Tm (49)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 448.0002 Tm (Jose)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.6025 0.076 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.8315 -0.076 TD 0.1375 Tw (de la Fuente, who from 1990-98 was Director of Research and Development)Tj -3.434 -1 TD 0.085 Tw (at the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology \(CIGB\) in Havana, has at-)Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (tested to the frustration of witnessing )Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.2367 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0825 Tw (institutional paralysis)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.3623 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0825 Tw [( as a result of the im-)]TJ -29.4151 -1 TD 0.1275 Tw (possibility for the biotechnology centers to decide on internal policy )Tj /F18 1 Tf 32.5725 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1275 Tw (even for small)Tj -32.9805 -1 TD 0 Tw (things.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.204 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.388 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.11 Tw (All decisions,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.2029 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.11 Tw [( he reports, )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 5.8669 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.11 Tw (were made by the Secretary of the State Coun-)Tj -17.2937 -1 TD 0.0775 Tw (cil, Jose)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.3099 0.076 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.7715 -0.076 TD 0.0775 Tw (M. Miyar Barrueco \()Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.6384 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (Chomi)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.037 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0775 Tw (\) at Castro)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.0629 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0775 Tw (s personal insistence.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.0259 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0775 Tw [( What)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 2.8925 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0775 Tw (s worse,)Tj -35.962 -1 TD 0 Tw (Miyar)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.796 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.2025 Tw (known to be a very close prote)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.7073 0.076 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.076 TD (ge)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.6205 0.076 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.8965 -0.076 TD 0.2025 Tw (of Rau)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.7305 0.061 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.472 -0.061 TD 0.2025 Tw (l Castro)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.8694 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.2025 Tw (was, according to de la)Tj -28.5086 -1 TD 0 Tw (Fuente, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.8864 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (incapable of deciding scientific matters, because of his background.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 31.3665 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 436.8716 394.1681 Tm (50)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 384.0002 Tm 0.2975 Tw (Mr. Alibek has provided detailed accounts of the lengths to which the Soviet)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (Union went to keep its huge bioweapons program secret and the West)Tj /F18 1 Tf 34.4805 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2 Tw (s scientific)Tj -34.6845 -1 TD 0.0675 Tw (and intelligence communities under the impression that it was honoring the Biologi-)Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (cal and Toxin Weapons Convention, which it had signed in 1972. These efforts were)Tj T* 0.185 Tw (entirely successful. )Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.4619 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.185 Tw (There was a comnonly held belief among many American sci-)Tj -9.8699 -1 TD 0.19 Tw (entists, supported by the strong, even passionate views of a handful of experts in)Tj T* 0.185 Tw (biological weapons, that the Soviet Union was not violating the treaty.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 34.3755 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 426.588 338.1681 Tm (51)Tj 8 0 0 8 437.2093 336.0002 Tm 0.185 Tw (In fact,)Tj -36.2762 -1 TD 0.1475 Tw (the public was kept in the dark until early 1998. After his defection to the United)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (States in 1992, Alibek had briefed U.S. intelligence and scientific experts for almost)Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (a year, but until 1998 only the national security community had access to the infor-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (mation he brought.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 218.6629 306.168 Tm 0 Tw (52)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00029)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 107 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R /F23 95 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 109 0 obj << /Length 10767 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (26)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 147 355.8 m 197 355.8 l S BT 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 348.9972 Tm (53)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 347.1 Tm 0.06 Tw (Prendes had trained as a fighter pilot in the U.S. Fidel Castro, upon assuming power, asked)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.2286 Tw (him to head Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.9099 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2286 Tw (s Air Force, later promoting him to Commandant \(highest rank in Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 35.6479 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -44.9657 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (Armed Forces, equivalent to full General\). During his long career, he faced numerous setbacks)Tj T* 0.1829 Tw (and demotions, including three court martials, for )Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.6334 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1829 Tw (political discrepancies)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.387 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1829 Tw [( with superiors, but)]TJ -35.8365 -1 TD 0.2057 Tw (was sent for special air force training at the Soviet Union and received assignments such as)Tj T* 0.1486 Tw (Commanding Officer of the San Antonio de los Ban)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.311 0.0689 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.472 -0.0689 TD 0.1486 Tw (os Air Base, home of the Central Air Com-)Tj -24.783 -1 TD 0.2486 Tw (mand \(where he received orders directly from Fidel Castro\), Commander and Tactical Oper-)Tj T* 0.1314 Tw (ations Chief of all MIG squadrons and Second in Command of the International Directorade of)Tj T* 0 Tw (Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.445 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0657 Tw (s Armed Forces. He became an increasingly vocal opponent to the Castro government, call-)Tj -2.649 -1 TD 0.0543 Tw (ing for a national dialogue, free speech and economic reform in the presence of the foreign media)Tj T* 0.1029 Tw (\(1992\) and writing a letter calling on Fidel Castro to resign. Facing a Court Martial and severe)Tj T* 0.1743 Tw (persecution, he was granted political asylum by the U.S. govemment and left for the U.S. via)Tj T* 0.1343 Tw (Spain in 1994. Prendes is now the Miami-based spokesman for the )Tj /F23 1 Tf 32.5027 0 TD (Union of Free Soldiers and)Tj -32.5027 -1 TD 0 Tw (Officers, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 4.3034 0 TD 0.1943 Tw (composed of former Cuban military in exile and clandestine pro-democracy acquaint-)Tj -4.3034 -1 TD 0.1429 Tw (ances within Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.8799 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1429 Tw (s military and security services. \(Telephone conversations, e-mail exchanges)Tj -9.0839 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (and documents sent by Col. Prendes to the author, October 2001.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 236.9972 Tm 0 Tw (54)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 235.1 Tm 0.0514 Tw (Juan O. Tamayo, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.3614 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (U.S. downplays . . .,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.3389 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.3294 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (The Miami Herald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 9.3184 0 TD (2/4/97, op.cit.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 229.9972 Tm 0 Tw (55)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 228.1 Tm 0.1286 Tw (Martin Arostegui, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.8313 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1286 Tw (Fidel Castro)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.8517 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1286 Tw (s Deadly Secret)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.4433 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.1286 Tw (Five BioChem Warfare Labs,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.832 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.4066 0 TD 0.1286 Tw (The Wash-)Tj -40.4128 -1 TD 0.1457 Tw (ington Times, Insight )Tj /F22 1 Tf 10.5833 0 TD (Magazine, Vol. 14, No. 26 July 20, 1998. \(Prendes also made part of the)Tj -10.5833 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (documents available to the author.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 208.9972 Tm 0 Tw (56)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 207.1 Tm 0.1657 Tw (For details on these biochemical facilities, see M. Arostegui, ibid, and Jonathan T. Stride,)Tj /F18 1 Tf -2.028 -1 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1314 Tw (Who Will Check Out Fidel Castro)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.1584 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1314 Tw (s New Chemical/Biological Weapons Plant in East Havana,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.2775 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -45.0479 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (Miami. Mr. Stride also held lengthy interviews with Prendes and had access to the documents)Tj T* 0.1429 Tw (sent from Cuba \(as related by Mr. Prendes to the author\). In 1999 Miami media also reported)Tj T* 0.2714 Tw (of another defector, Ernesto Prida, who worked at the Bureau of Scientific Research of the)Tj T* 0.0886 Tw (Cuban Armed Forces, essentially confirming some of the information in the Prendes documents.)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (\(A. Remos, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 5.3439 0 TD (Diario Las Ame)Tj /F19 1 Tf 6.9545 0.0899 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.3885 -0.0899 TD (ricas, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 2.8465 0 TD (7/13/99.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 159.9972 Tm (57)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 158.1 Tm 0.0914 Tw (Radio Marti is a Voice of America project. Dr. Betancourt is cited in )Tj /F23 1 Tf 32.6531 0 TD (The Washington Times)Tj /F22 1 Tf -34.6811 -1 TD 0.1114 Tw (article \(M. Arostegui, op.cit.\) and has confirmed this and other related information in conversa-)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (tions with the author over several years.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 138.9972 Tm 0 Tw (58)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 137.1 Tm 0.1114 Tw (The report also provides details of the ship that transported the reactor to Cuba, leased by)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.1657 Tw (front companies operated by Cuban military intelligence and with a crew carefully selected or)Tj T* 0.0943 Tw (employed by the Office of State Security, MININT. Accounting records for the lab)Tj /F18 1 Tf 38.6881 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0943 Tw (s construction)Tj -38.8921 -1 TD 0.1943 Tw (were said to have been meticulously covered up through authorized funding for extensions to)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 237.54 648 Tm 0 Tw [(THE)-412.5(ACCOUNTS)-412.5(OF)-412.5(CUBAN)-412.5(DEFECTORS)]TJ 8 0 0 8 155 635.1 Tm 0.0575 Tw (For several years now, a number of top Cuban defectors and exiles)Tj /F18 1 Tf 31.32 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0575 Tw (scientists and)Tj -33.32 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (former high-ranking Cuban officials and members of the military)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.5325 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (have been report-)Tj -31.5325 -0.9875 TD 0.31 Tw (ing of first hand or circumstantial knowledge of Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.1666 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.31 Tw (s biological and chemical)Tj -27.3706 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (weapons programs.)Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.195 Tw (In 1997, former Cuban Air Force Commander Alvaro Prendes,)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 397.4125 605.6678 Tm 0 Tw (53)Tj 8 0 0 8 408.1138 603.5 Tm 0.195 Tw (exiled in 1994,)Tj -32.6392 -0.9875 TD 0.145 Tw (appeared on Spanish-language radio stations in Miami reading from documents he)Tj T* 0.16 Tw (claimed had been prepared by dissident Cuban military officers and scientists and)Tj T* 0.0775 Tw (smuggled out of Cuba. They described in great detail biotechnology facilities serving)Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (as fronts for military operations producing bioweapons such as anthrax and bubonic)Tj T* 0 Tw (plague.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 173.9676 566.1678 Tm (54)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 556.1 Tm 0.21 Tw (In mid-1998 )Tj /F23 1 Tf 6.3289 0 TD (The Washington Times)Tj /F19 1 Tf 11.0098 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.21 Tw [( Insight )]TJ /F22 1 Tf 4.2709 0 TD (magazine featured an investigative)Tj -22.8137 -0.9875 TD 0.19 Tw (report citing the Prendes documents and other underground sources from Cuba.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 458.1795 550.3678 Tm 0 Tw (55)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 540.2999 Tm 0.2075 Tw (It provided extensive description of five chemical and biological weapons facilities)Tj T* 0.2275 Tw (said to be operating throughout the island, and details such as how some of the)Tj T* 0.065 Tw (plants were constructed, security arrangements, the purchase overseas and shipping)Tj T* 0.07 Tw (of sophisticated lab equipment, and names of the scientists and engineers from mili-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (tary establishment who ran the operations.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 312.6216 510.8678 Tm 0 Tw (56)Tj 8 0 0 8 322.8829 508.7 Tm (The )Tj /F23 1 Tf 2.196 0 TD (Times )Tj /F22 1 Tf 3.213 0 TD 0.14 Tw (further reported that )Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.4558 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (the)Tj -38.2581 -0.9875 TD 0.17 Tw (credibility of the smuggled documents is enhanced by a recent classified Pentagon)Tj T* 0 Tw (analysis.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.0939 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1275 Tw [( In addition, it cited from a classified annex to a Pentagon report to Con-)]TJ -4.5019 -0.9875 TD 0 Tw (gress: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.038 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.075 Tw (According to sources within Cuba, at least one research site is run and fund-)Tj -3.4459 -0.9875 TD 0.07 Tw (ed by the Cuban military to work on the development of offensive and defensive bio-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (logical weapons.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.5724 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -6.5724 -0.9875 TD 0.0925 Tw (According to Ernesto Betancourt, a former Radio Marti Director who had security)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.2075 Tw (clearance, classified CIA reports dating back to 1989 already described Cuban ef-)Tj T* 0.0825 Tw (forts to acquire technology and equipment to manufacture biological weapons.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 441.1116 447.6678 Tm 0 Tw (57)Tj 8 0 0 8 450.9129 445.5 Tm (The)Tj -37.9891 -0.9875 TD 0.0875 Tw (Prendes documents, in fact, related how a biochemist and Politburo member of Cas-)Tj T* 0 Tw (tro)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.333 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.075 Tw (s presidential staff made, in the early 1990s, numerous trips to Europe, the Mid-)Tj -1.537 -0.9875 TD 0.1175 Tw (dle East and the former Soviet Union to arrange purchases for a new macrobiology)Tj T* 0.1925 Tw (plant. A centrifugal reactor capable of 10,000 revolutions per minute)Tj /F18 1 Tf 33.421 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.1925 Tw (to separate)Tj -34.421 -0.9875 TD 0.1875 Tw (biological microorganisms from solid and liquid substances)Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.3316 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.1875 Tw (was acquired through)Tj -29.3316 -1 TD 0.07 Tw (Comicondor, an Italian company near Milan which also supplies technology to Libya)Tj T* 0.065 Tw (for Qaddafi)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.3059 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.065 Tw (s biological-weapons experiments. After arrival of the lab equipment, the)Tj -5.5099 -1 TD 0.23 Tw (plant was slowly equipped and finally inaugurated on December 2, 1993)Tj /F18 1 Tf 35.6405 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (Armed)Tj -36.6405 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (Forces Day. The centrifugal reactor is said to be crucial to the development of other)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (biological microorganisms for use in warfare.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 315.3294 368.1678 Tm 0 Tw (58)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00030)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 110 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F19 19 0 R /F22 49 0 R /F23 95 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 112 0 obj << /Length 10347 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (27)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 147 308.8 m 197 308.8 l S BT 7 0 0 7 147 300.1 Tm 0.1629 Tw (existing medical facilities and the remodeling of Havana)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.1995 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1629 Tw (s historical El Morro Fortress. \(In M.)Tj -27.4035 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (Arostegui and J. Stride, op.cit.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 287.9972 Tm 0 Tw (59)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 286.1 Tm 0.0514 Tw (J. Stride, op.cit.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 280.9972 Tm 0 Tw (60)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 279.1 Tm 0.1257 Tw (Carlos, Wotzkow, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 8.5856 0 TD (Natumaleza Cabana )Tj /F22 1 Tf 10.0476 0 TD (\(Miami: Ediciones Universal, 1998\). Wotzkow fell in)Tj -20.6612 -1 TD 0.1914 Tw (disfavor for presenting papers overseas on the destruction of Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 32.3714 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1914 Tw (s environment. He was al-)Tj -32.5754 -1 TD 0.0657 Tw (lowed out of the country after Germany tiled a protest. He was granted political asylum in Swit-)Tj T* 0.1114 Tw (zerland, where he still lives and works for a Swiss-U.S. joint venture. \(Related by e-mail to the)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (author, October 21, 2001.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 245.9971 Tm 0 Tw (61)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 244.0999 Tm 0.4057 Tw (Ibid. p.58. \(Also see )Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.903 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.4057 Tw (Fidel Castro: decano del bioterrorismo,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.5692 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.4057 Tw [( an interview of Carlos)]TJ -33.3162 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (Woztkow by Eduardo Prida, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 13.4479 0 TD 0 Tw (Bienne, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 3.7725 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (Noviembre 1999.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 231.9971 Tm 0 Tw (62)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 230.0999 Tm 0.0543 Tw (Carlos Woztkow, e-mail to the author, October 19, 2001. \(Of course, Wotzkow, like most peo-)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.2286 Tw (ple, could not imagine then that rapidly unfolding events in the United States have already)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (proven the effectiveness of bioterrorism with bacteria \(anthrax\).\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 210.9971 Tm 0 Tw (63)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 209.0999 Tm 0.0543 Tw (During his tenure at the Institute of Zoology, Wotzkow made over a thousand scientific trips)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.1286 Tw (all over Cuba, including 72 trips to Cayo Largo in military airplanes that left from the Ciudad)Tj T* 0.1143 Tw (Libertad military base \(formerly Columbia\). \(Carlos Wotzkow, e-mail to the author, October 21,)Tj T* 0 Tw (2001.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 182.9971 Tm (64)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 181.0999 Tm 0.1486 Tw (General Tomasevich related this to Wotzkow in 1980 during a flight they took together to)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (Cayo Largo. \(C. Woztkow, e-mail of 10/19/01.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 168.9971 Tm 0 Tw (65)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 167.0999 Tm (Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.4995 0.0939 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD 0.2143 Tw (ndez, an entomologist, has a long and distinguished career of teaching, field work,)Tj -4.972 -1 TD 0.1914 Tw (and research in Cuba and with the foremost scientific institutions of the United States, Eng-)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (land, Puerto Rico, Nicaragua, the Dominican Republic and others.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 147.9971 Tm 0 Tw (66)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 146.0999 Tm (Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.4995 0.0939 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD 0.1514 Tw (ndez was not planning to defect, but was called by a colleague that, due to political)Tj -4.972 -1 TD (unreliability, a plan was underway to accuse him of spying and arrest him upon his return to)Tj T* 0.1371 Tw (Cuba. He stayed in London with his wife, but they left behind a son, who was unable to leave)Tj T* 0.0543 Tw (Cuba for years. Fear for the son in Cuba delayed Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.7678 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD 0.0543 Tw (ndez from coming forth with his account.)Tj 14.3848 -1.2857 TD 0 Tw (Continued)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 648 Tm 0.2075 Tw (The documents also provide details of the work being conducted at several bio-)Tj -1 -1.0125 TD 0.1175 Tw (chemical facilities. At the Luis D)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.7193 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj -0.009 0.061 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.324 -0.061 TD 0.1175 Tw (az Soto Naval Hospital, for example, military bio-)Tj -16.0343 -1.0125 TD 0.1625 Tw (technicians are said to experiment on cadavers, hospital patients and live animals)Tj T* 0.38 Tw (with anthrax, brucellosis, equine encephalitis, and a variety of other bacterial)Tj T* 0.185 Tw (agents. Experiments are reported on insects, rats and even house pets to be used)Tj T* 0.0925 Tw (as vectors. An extensive report is also given of a facility established in 1994, known)Tj T* 0 Tw (as )Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.5995 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.3025 Tw (The Little Factory.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.3289 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.3025 Tw [( Despite its public description as a cattle feed producer)]TJ -11.7443 -1.0125 TD 0 Tw (\(Fa)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.1115 0.076 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.076 TD 0.145 Tw (brica de Pienso Animal\), entry to the facility is controlled by the Cuban Armed)Tj -1.556 -1.0125 TD 0.2025 Tw (Forces and said to be restricted to personnel with top-secret clearance. The plant)Tj T* 0.2775 Tw (is reported to cover an area of 120 by 90 meters, bigger than a couple football)Tj T* 0 Tw (fields)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 168.3197 569.1678 Tm (59)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 559 Tm 0.1 Tw (In 1992, Carlos Wotzkow, a leading Cuban ornithologist, had been forced to leave)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1025 Tw (Cuba for Switzerland for his critical work on the demise of Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.833 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1025 Tw (s ecology. In 1998,)Tj -31.037 -1 TD 0.265 Tw (he published )Tj /F23 1 Tf 6.7159 0 TD (Natumaleza Cubana,)Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 281.51 545.1678 Tm 0 Tw (60)Tj 8 0 0 8 292.7714 543 Tm 0.265 Tw (a detailed account of the destruction of the)Tj -18.2214 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (Cuban environment and a damning expose)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.0502 0.076 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.824 -0.076 TD 0.13 Tw (of his professional experiences in Cuba.)Tj -20.8742 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (In it was a brief account of the beginnings of a biological warfare program within)Tj T* 0.165 Tw (the Institute of Zoology, where he worked at the time, and how the scientific pur-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (poses of the institution had been militarized; its scientists purged for political pur-)Tj T* 0 Tw (poses.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (Wotzkow related how, in 1981, Fidel Castro gave orders to create within the Insti-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.185 Tw (tute of Zoology the )Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.5739 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.185 Tw (Frente Biolo)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.5094 0.076 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.076 TD 0.185 Tw (gico del Instituto)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.1849 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1.408 0 TD (a )Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.019 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.185 Tw (biological front)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.0929 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.185 Tw [( to develop)]TJ -34.4285 -1 TD 0.135 Tw (bioweapons against the United States by spreading infectious diseases through im-)Tj T* 0.42 Tw (plantation in migratory birds. This was a joint project with the Instituto de)Tj T* 0.1425 Tw (Medicina Tropical Pedro Kour)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.3533 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj -0.009 0.061 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.744 -0.061 TD 0.1425 Tw (and many scientists were involved)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.4788 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.1425 Tw (often indirectly)Tj -32.567 -1 TD 0.17 Tw (or without cognizance of the purpose of the work they were instructed to conduct.)Tj T* 0.19 Tw (Fidel Castro personally supervised many of the activities and paid personal visits)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (to the facilities.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 205.1831 441.1679 Tm 0 Tw (81)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 431 Tm 0.2175 Tw (During Wotzkow)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.0134 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2175 Tw (s tenure at the Institute of Zoology, which ended in 1982, the)Tj -9.2174 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (preferred patogen for experimenting with migratory birds was the leptospirosis \(bac-)Tj T* 0.305 Tw (teria\). Later, he has been told of the development of the anthrax bacteria, but)Tj T* 0 Tw (doubts )Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.5334 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1625 Tw (that Castro would spend too much money on bacteria when he has native)Tj -3.9414 -1 TD 0.1025 Tw (virus within the island)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.8643 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1025 Tw (s bat population . . . which would cause devastating damage)Tj -11.0683 -1 TD 0.265 Tw (without the possibility of treatment with antibiotics.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.8166 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 358.117 393.168 Tm (62)Tj 8 0 0 8 369.3783 391.0001 Tm (Wotzkow)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.2219 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.265 Tw (s work and his)Tj -32.2232 -1 TD 0.26 Tw (many scientific trips over Cuba in military aircraft put him in contact with the)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (highest leadership of the Cuban government, including Fidel Castro.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 404.3001 377.168 Tm 0 Tw (63)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 367.0001 Tm 0.1475 Tw (Woztkow also claims that in the 1970s Cuba had also experimented with chemi-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.195 Tw (cals, testing the effectiveness of certain powders and gases exposed to the oxygen)Tj T* 0.145 Tw (of caves. It was thought that if the caves)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.8287 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.145 Tw [( entomofauna \(insects\) died)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 13.1388 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.145 Tw (as resistant)Tj -34.1715 -1 TD 0.33 Tw (as it was to sudden environmental changes)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.8897 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.33 Tw (no man would be able to survive)Tj -22.8897 -1 TD 0 Tw (them.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 168.3356 337.168 Tm (64)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 327.0001 Tm 0.1875 Tw (Professor Luis Roberto Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.8768 0.076 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.076 TD (ndez,)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 289.122 329.168 Tm (65)Tj 8 0 0 8 299.7633 327.0001 Tm 0.1875 Tw (who defected from Cuba while attending a)Tj -19.0954 -1 TD 0.055 Tw (conference in London in 1995,)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 259.2863 321.1679 Tm 0 Tw (66)Tj 8 0 0 8 268.8676 319.0001 Tm 0.055 Tw (confirmed Wokztkow)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.7579 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.055 Tw (s claims in late 1998. )Tj /F23 1 Tf 10.2978 0 TD (El Nuevo)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00031)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 113 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R /F23 95 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 116 0 obj << /Length 12539 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (28)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 147 257.8 m 197 257.8 l S BT 7 0 0 7 147 249.1 Tm 0.2143 Tw (\(Dr. Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.8249 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD 0.2143 Tw (ndez in telephone conversation of October 19, 2001, and in previous conversations)Tj -5.2694 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (with the author, who)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.8595 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (s known Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.7145 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD 0.0514 Tw (ndez for several years.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 236.9972 Tm 0 Tw (67)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 235.1 Tm 0.2114 Tw (Pablo Alfonso, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.295 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2114 Tw (Cuba experimenta con ayes con fines de guerra bacteriolo)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.8324 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0939 TD (gica,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.13 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.4894 0 TD 0.2114 Tw (El Nuevo)Tj -41.0074 -1 TD 0 Tw (Herald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 3.8465 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (October 18, 1998.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 222.9972 Tm 0 Tw (68)Tj /F23 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 161.196 221.1 Tm 0.1029 Tw (Revista Cabana de Medicina Tropical, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 18.4366 0 TD (Vol. II/1996. Ibid. \(Ken Alibek also reported that So-)Tj -20.4646 -1 TD 0.0714 Tw (viet intelligence services obtained numerous strains of virus for the biowarfare program through)Tj T* 0.1743 Tw (covert operations)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.1184 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.1743 Tw (including ordering them through undercover agents posing as legtimate re-)Tj -9.1184 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (searchers. J. Tucker, op.cit, p. 140.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 194.9972 Tm 0 Tw (69)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 193.1 Tm 0.0514 Tw (L. Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.774 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD 0.0514 Tw (ndez, telephone interview, 2/19/01.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 187.9972 Tm 0 Tw (70)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 186.1 Tm 0.1971 Tw (Ibid. Currently, Dr. Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.4061 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD 0.1971 Tw (ndez is professor of entomology at a university in Puerto Rico.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 180.9972 Tm 0 Tw (71)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 179.1 Tm 0.0514 Tw (C. Wotzkow, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 6.159 0 TD (Natumaleza. op.cit., p. 179.)Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 173.9972 Tm 0 Tw (72)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 172.1 Tm 0.0714 Tw (Dr. Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.349 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD 0.0714 Tw (ndez debunks specific allegations of biological attacks from the U.S. \(Luis Roberto)Tj -6.8215 -1 TD 0 Tw (Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.4995 0.0939 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD (ndez, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.9506 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2286 Tw (El bumerang maldito,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.5703 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2286 Tw [( Encuentro en la Red, An)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 12.2821 0.0689 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.472 -0.0689 TD 0.2286 Tw (o 2, Edicio)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.8007 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0939 TD 0.2286 Tw (n 216, 18 de octubre)Tj -35.2523 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (2001. www.cubaencuentro.com/ecologia/2001/10/18/3952.html.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 152.9972 Tm 0 Tw (73)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 151.1 Tm 0.12 Tw (Alibek tells of an invitation Soviet General Lebedinsky had received from Castro. Together)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (with a team of military scientists, they went to Cuba to study an epidemic of dengue fever that)Tj T* 0.2114 Tw (had broken out a few months earlier, infesting 350,000 people. Castro had been convinced it)Tj T* 0.1971 Tw (was the result of an American biological attack. The Soviet team concluded that )Tj /F18 1 Tf 39.7365 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1971 Tw (all the evi-)Tj -40.1445 -1 TD 0.0857 Tw (dence pointed to a natural outbreak)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.9869 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0857 Tw (the strain was Cuban, not American)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.2089 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0857 Tw (but Castro was less)Tj -36.1958 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (interested in scientific process than in political expediency.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.6205 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0514 Tw [( \(Alibek, )]TJ /F23 1 Tf 4.2709 0 TD 0 Tw (Biohazard, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.4395 0 TD (ibid.\))Tj /F23 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 147 648 Tm (Herald )Tj /F22 1 Tf 3.7194 0 TD 0.2025 Tw (published a story of Wotzkow)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.3848 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2025 Tw (s allegations in )Tj /F23 1 Tf 7.8874 0 TD 0 Tw (Natumaleza, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.3874 0 TD 0.2025 Tw (which included)Tj -32.583 -0.9875 TD 0.22 Tw (Dr. Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.4974 0.076 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.076 TD (ndez)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.166 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.22 Tw [( first public account of his own experiences.)]TJ 6.224 0 0 5.2 378.1087 642.2678 Tm 0 Tw (67)Tj 8 0 0 8 389.01 640.1 Tm 0.22 Tw (He related how the)Tj -30.2513 -0.9875 TD 0.1625 Tw (laboratories for the )Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.6364 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1625 Tw (biological front)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.0704 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1625 Tw [( were established within the Institute of Zool-)]TJ -17.5227 -0.9875 TD 0.1425 Tw (ogy, where he too had worked, and sought to identify and produce host viruses for)Tj T* 0.1 Tw (migratory birds. There, only two top scientists had full access to all the )Tj /F18 1 Tf 34.3595 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1 Tw (top secret)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.5809 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -39.3484 -0.9875 TD (labs.)Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.0875 Tw (Cuba, Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.5879 0.076 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.076 TD 0.0875 Tw (ndez claimed, continued the project at a farm outside Havana, where)Tj -7.0324 -0.9875 TD 0.14 Tw (a vast nesting program had been established to study the routes and habits of mi-)Tj T* 0.075 Tw (gratory birds. U.S. scientists, he said, had naively collaborated in these studies with)Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (their own work on nesting. In addition, he knew that Cuba had conducted studies)Tj T* 0.205 Tw (on the Culex mosquito, main vector for the encephalitis virus that is particularly)Tj T* 0.115 Tw (resistant to certain insecticides. In fact, he reported, a Cuban scientific journal had)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (described how, in 1998, the CDC \(Centers for Disease Control\) in Atlanta had do-)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (nated a standard strain to Cuba of the St. Louis encephalitis virus, which is similar)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (to, but more potent than, the West Nile virus.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 319.2694 539.5678 Tm 0 Tw (68)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 529.4999 Tm 0.1225 Tw (Dr. Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.3999 0.076 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.076 TD 0.1225 Tw (ndez explains how the secrecy of the program was maintained: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.4306 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (Every-)Tj -36.683 -0.9875 TD 0.1525 Tw (thing is very compartimentalized. If you work in one area or field, you don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 36.262 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1525 Tw (t know)Tj -36.466 -0.9875 TD 0 Tw (who)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.889 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1675 Tw (s work you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.3169 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1675 Tw (re complementing. But, naturally, you can infer things.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 26.6921 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1675 Tw [( In all the)]TJ -34.714 -0.9875 TD 0.185 Tw (centers working in the biotechnology field, he elaborates, there is very tight secu-)Tj T* 0.1475 Tw (rity; for example, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.6654 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1475 Tw (if you work on one floor, you don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.0143 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1475 Tw (t have access to other floors)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.4783 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -38.7699 -0.9875 TD 0.255 Tw (yet this is supposedly scientific work for which this is not required or expected.)Tj T* 0 Tw (There)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.722 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.16 Tw (s electric fencing surrounding the facilities, codes to get into different areas,)Tj -2.926 -0.9875 TD 0.2875 Tw (a lot of secrecy. At the Pedro Kouri Institute, even the scientists couldn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 36.3395 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2875 Tw (t walk)Tj -36.5435 -0.9875 TD 0.0525 Tw (around. This didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.3649 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (t make sense.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.4029 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 271.3581 468.4678 Tm (69)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 458.4 Tm 0.225 Tw (As an entomologist, Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.5463 0.076 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.076 TD 0.225 Tw (ndez became involved in the migratory birds)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.9067 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.225 Tw [( project)]TJ -36.1015 -0.9875 TD 0.22 Tw (and had colleagues working on it who also wondered what ultimate purpose was)Tj T* 0.245 Tw (pursued. For example, he says, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.8378 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.245 Tw (we were instructed to look into virosis, such as)Tj -16.2458 -0.9875 TD 0.1025 Tw (parvovirus and others. I had another colleague who was asked to collect blood sam-)Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (ples from birds. In the meantime, the Department of Ornithology was instructed to)Tj T* 0.1225 Tw (trap birds from routes that go through the United States.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.5861 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1225 Tw [( In conclusion, )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 7.3114 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1225 Tw (one puts)Tj -35.7135 -0.9875 TD 0.1525 Tw (it together.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.2824 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1525 Tw [( Finally, he adds: )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 8.8719 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1525 Tw (Fidel Castro, we know, called for a )Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.3113 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1525 Tw (biological front)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.0604 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -39.5459 -0.9875 TD 0.2375 Tw (to develop a biological weapons program. I cannot be 100% sure, but I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 35.0215 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2375 Tw (m almost)Tj -35.2255 -0.9875 TD 0.085 Tw (sure, that Cuba has worked on developing biological weapons. There are others who)Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (feel this way, but are afraid to speak out. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.3582 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1875 Tw (m also troubled that men I know are)Tj -21.5622 -0.9875 TD 0.32 Tw (Cuban agents are currently working with birds in farms in Puerto Rico. What)Tj T* 0 Tw (for?)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.721 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 165.3517 373.6678 Tm (70)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 363.6 Tm 0.075 Tw (Both Wotzkow)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 210.6952 365.7679 Tm 0 Tw (71)Tj 8 0 0 8 220.4365 363.6 Tm 0.075 Tw (and Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.5934 0.076 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.076 TD 0.075 Tw (ndez have said that Castro believed the United States)Tj -14.2175 -0.9875 TD 0.3275 Tw (was waging biological war against Cuba and was looking for ways to respond.)Tj T* 0 Tw (Herna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.4995 0.076 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.076 TD 0.19 Tw (ndez has recently published an article detailing how there was no scientific)Tj -2.944 -0.9875 TD 0.055 Tw (basis for certain allegations with which he had direct involvement due to his work.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 458.2353 342.0678 Tm 0 Tw (72)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 332 Tm (In )Tj /F23 1 Tf 1.401 0 TD (Biohazard, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.4929 0 TD 0.105 Tw (Alibek relates how Cuba had accused the United States twelve times)Tj -6.8939 -0.9875 TD 0.1525 Tw (since 1962 of staging biological attacks on Cuban soil with anti-livestock and anti-)Tj T* 0.1975 Tw (crop agents, yet a high-level Soviet investigation found these allegations to be all)Tj /F18 1 Tf T* 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2 Tw (probably false.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.9609 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.2 Tw [( Zilinska, the Soviet in charge, had further reported that none of)]TJ -7.7769 -0.9875 TD 0.16 Tw (the Cuban scientists supported the government position on U.S. germ warfare. He)Tj T* 0.215 Tw (had said: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.9129 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.215 Tw (They are keeping quiet. So it makes me believe that these allegations)Tj -5.3209 -1 TD 0.305 Tw (are a pure propaganda exercise by Cuba.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.6837 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.305 Tw [( Furthermore. he )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 9.1369 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.305 Tw (was worried about)Tj -30.6366 -1 TD 0.245 Tw (whether Castro could be using the charges to justify his own germ warfare pro-)Tj T* 0 Tw (gram.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.704 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.224 0 0 5.2 173.2156 270.6678 Tm (73)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00032)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 117 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R /F23 95 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 119 0 obj << /Length 11547 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (29)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 147 389.3 m 197 389.3 l S BT 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 382.4972 Tm (74)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 380.6 Tm 0.1286 Tw (J. de la Fuente, ibid; Nancy San Martin. )Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.9229 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1286 Tw (Cuba forced to sell technology,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.5705 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.4066 0 TD 0.1286 Tw (The Miami Her-)Tj -37.744 -0.9857 TD 0 Tw (ald, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 2.1255 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (October 10, 2001.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 368.6972 Tm 0 Tw (75)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 366.8 Tm 0.0714 Tw (De la Fuente describes a strengthening of Cuban-Iranian cooperation beginning with Cuban)Tj -2.028 -0.9857 TD 0.1914 Tw (aid shortly after the Iranian earthquake of 1990. He writes that Cuba sold Iran recombinant)Tj T* 0.1257 Tw (protein production technologies in yeast and )Tj /F23 1 Tf 21.5146 0 TD (Escherichzia coli, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 8.5626 0 TD (as well as the large-scale purifi-)Tj -30.0772 -0.9857 TD 0.0914 Tw (cation protocols for both soluble and insoluble proteins synthesized in or excreted by them. This)Tj T* 0.2029 Tw (technology was allegedly for civilian/medical uses, but is reportedly the same technology that)Tj T* 0.12 Tw (could be used to produce lethal agents in biochemical weapons)Tj /F18 1 Tf 29.8615 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.12 Tw (like anthrax bacteria or small-)Tj -30.8615 -0.9857 TD (pox virus. \(J. de la Fuente, op.cit. and N. San Martin, op.cit.\) De la Fuente discussed this with)Tj T* 0.1857 Tw (the author in a telephone conversation of October 9, 2001, but said he does not believe Cuba)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (had malicious intent.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 306.5972 Tm 0 Tw (76)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 304.7 Tm 0.1143 Tw (The State Department)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.6568 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1143 Tw (s Report, Patterns of Global Terrorism 2000 asserts: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.3267 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1143 Tw (Iran remained)Tj -38.6235 -0.9857 TD 0.0514 Tw (the most active state sponsor of terrorism in 2000.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.6188 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0514 Tw [( \(www.state.gov/s/ct/rls/pgtrpt/2000\).)]TJ 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 292.7972 Tm 0 Tw (77)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 290.9 Tm 0.0514 Tw (N. San Martin, op.cit.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 285.8972 Tm 0 Tw (78)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 284 Tm 0.1629 Tw (He describes the inauguration of the CIGB in 1986 as the beginning of the maturation of)Tj -2.028 -0.9857 TD 0.1371 Tw (biotechnology in Cuba and puts the initial investment at approximately US $100 million \(used)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.1343 Tw (to fully equip modern research in areas covering pharmaceuticals and immunodiagnostics, vac-)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (cines, animal, plant, and industrial biotechnology\).)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 257.9972 Tm 0 Tw (79)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 256.1 Tm 0.1914 Tw (The Latest CEPAL \(ECLA)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.8165 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.1914 Tw (the United Nations Economic Commission on Latin America\))Tj -15.8445 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (economic report for Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.0902 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.16 Tw (a foremost tool on Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.5862 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.16 Tw (s economy)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.8821 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.16 Tw (fails to present export data on)Tj -30.7625 -1 TD 0.3143 Tw (the medical-pharmaceutical sector despite providing this information for other sectors. \(See)Tj /F23 1 Tf T* 0.3772 Tw (Cuba: Evolucio)Tj /F19 1 Tf 6.9418 0.0899 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0899 TD 0.3771 Tw (n Econo)Tj /F19 1 Tf 3.6267 0.0899 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0899 TD 0.3771 Tw (mica: 2000, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.3304 0 TD 0 Tw (Comisio)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.2876 0.0939 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0939 TD 0.3771 Tw (n Econo)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.6267 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0939 TD 0.3771 Tw (mica para Ame)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.3389 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4165 -0.0939 TD 0.3771 Tw (rica Latina y el Caribe,)Tj -33.2345 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (Naciones Unidas \(CEPAL\), LC/MEX/L.465 21, May 21, 2001.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 222.9972 Tm 0 Tw (80)Tj /F23 1 Tf 7 0 0 7 161.196 221.1 Tm 0.0886 Tw (The Economic Impact of U.S. Sanctions with Respect to Cuba, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 29.6062 0 TD (International Trade Commis-)Tj -31.6342 -1 TD 0.1457 Tw (sion, USITC publication 3398, February 2001. ftp://ftp.usitc.gov/pub/reports/studies/pub3398.pdf)Tj T* 0.0914 Tw (\(The ITC report states that Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.7554 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0914 Tw (s trade data precludes separating the pharmaceutical and bio-)Tj -15.9594 -1 TD 0.1171 Tw (technology industries. It also states that Cuba is reported to have developed a number of origi-)Tj T* 0.1657 Tw (nal vaccines and generic pharmaceutical products. A CIGB brochure is cited as reporting that)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (in 1996 it had 128 product registrations in 34 countries.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 180.9972 Tm 0 Tw (81)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 179.1 Tm 0.1457 Tw (The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bio-)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.08 Tw (logical and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction, open for signature in Washington, London,)Tj T* 0.1514 Tw (and Moscow on April 10, 1972. Cuba was among the original signatories \(1/13/93\) and ratified)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (it on April 4, 1997. \(www.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/1972a.htm\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 152.9972 Tm 0 Tw (82)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 151.1 Tm 0.1286 Tw (The Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.1457 Tw (Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction, signed in Paris on January 13-15, 1993. \(See the)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (Convention at www.opcw.org\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 131.9972 Tm 0 Tw (83)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 130.1 Tm 0.1171 Tw (1n 1998, a spokesman for the Cuban Interests Section in Washington told )Tj /F23 1 Tf 35.7823 0 TD (The Washington)Tj -37.8103 -1 TD 0 Tw (Times: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.4739 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1229 Tw (We are producing medicines, not weapons. \(. . .\) We deny the Pentagon)Tj /F18 1 Tf 34.1249 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1229 Tw (s charges of of-)Tj -38.2108 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (fensive potential in our biogenetic industry.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.4255 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0514 Tw [( \(M. Arostegui, )]TJ /F23 1 Tf 7.3024 0 TD 0 Tw (TWT/Insight, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.8045 0 TD (op.cit.\))Tj 8 0 0 8 155 648 Tm 0.0675 Tw (Most recently, Jose)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.6074 0.076 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.7615 -0.076 TD 0.0675 Tw (de la Fuente)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.9139 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.0675 Tw (who was Director of Research and Development)Tj -17.2828 -0.9875 TD 0.21 Tw (at the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology \(CIGB\) in Havana from)Tj T* 0.165 Tw (1990 to )Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.9989 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (98)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.112 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.165 Tw (confirms Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.8869 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.165 Tw (s huge investment in biotechnology and expresses con-)Tj -13.4058 -0.9875 TD 0.085 Tw (cern that Cuba has placed )Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.7968 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.085 Tw (the prized fruits of the CIGB)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.7198 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.085 Tw [( in Iran)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 3.6699 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.085 Tw (s hands.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 428.0038 626.4678 Tm 0 Tw (74)Tj 8 0 0 8 437.8252 624.3 Tm 0.085 Tw (He dis-)Tj -36.3531 -0.9875 TD 0.145 Tw (closes how, in an effort to seek hard currency after the end of massive Soviet sup-)Tj T* 0.155 Tw (port, between 1995 and 1998 Cuba sold to Iran biotechnology which could be used)Tj T* 0.16 Tw (to produce biochemical weapons.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 271.4381 602.7678 Tm 0 Tw (75)Tj 8 0 0 8 281.8595 600.6 Tm 0.16 Tw (\(Iran is, like Cuba, one of seven nations on the)Tj -16.8574 -0.9875 TD 0.1375 Tw (State Department)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.5094 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1375 Tw (s list of states that sponsor terrorism.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 362.2808 594.8679 Tm 0 Tw (76)Tj 8 0 0 8 369.2021 592.7 Tm 0.1375 Tw (\) He concludes: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.6524 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1375 Tw (There is)Tj -35.8357 -0.9875 TD 0.0775 Tw (no one who . . . believes that Iran is interested in these technologies for the purpose)Tj T* 0.0875 Tw (of protecting all the children in the Middle East . . .)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.6681 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.0875 Tw [( A representative of the Cuban)]TJ -25.0761 -0.9875 TD 0.08 Tw (Interest Section, in turn, acknowledged that Cuba has sold pharmaceutical products)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (to a number of countries.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 241.1266 563.2678 Tm 0 Tw (77)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 553.2 Tm 0.0525 Tw (Indeed, Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.2194 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.0525 Tw (s massive investment in biotechnology cannot be explained in ration-)Tj -7.4234 -0.9875 TD 0.12 Tw (al economic terms. De la Fuente, for example, reports that in 1996 the CIGB alone)Tj T* 0.1625 Tw (had 1,100 employees with more than 200 scientists in R&D working on a pipeline)Tj T* 0.1875 Tw (of 112 products, the result of an investment of more than one billion U.S. dollars)Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (since the Center)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.8699 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1575 Tw (s inception in 1986.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 287.2419 523.7678 Tm 0 Tw (78)Tj 8 0 0 8 297.6433 521.5999 Tm 0.1575 Tw (Yet, the data available)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 386.63 523.7678 Tm 0 Tw (79)Tj 8 0 0 8 397.0313 521.5999 Tm 0.1575 Tw (indicates that the)Tj -31.2539 -0.9875 TD 0.38 Tw (entire Cuban pharmaceutical-biotechnology industry was reportedly exporting a)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (mere US$50 million per year for the period 1995-99.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 343.285 507.9678 Tm 0 Tw (80)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 270.26 491.8999 Tm (RECOMMENDATIONS)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 478.9999 Tm 0.115 Tw (Cuba is a signatory of both the Biological Weapons)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 351.2611 481.1678 Tm 0 Tw (81)Tj 8 0 0 8 361.3224 478.9999 Tm 0.115 Tw (and the Chemical Weapons)Tj -26.7903 -0.9875 TD 0 Tw (Conventions)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 194.3913 473.2678 Tm (82)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8 0 0 8 201.3126 471.0999 Tm ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.4175 Tw (together they outlaw the possession of chemical and biological)Tj -7.7891 -0.9875 TD 0.275 Tw (weapons of mass destruction. Yet, given the first hand accounts and strong cir-)Tj T* 0.3225 Tw (cumstantial evidence indicative of non-compliance, Cuba should submit to inde-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (pendent verification.)Tj 1 -0.9875 TD 0.63 Tw (The Biological Weapons Convention does not incorporate compliance and)Tj -1 -0.9875 TD 0.21 Tw (verification mechanisms, but the Cuban government is on the record denying the)Tj T* 0.1575 Tw (production of biological weapons.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 272.7141 425.8678 Tm 0 Tw (83)Tj 8 0 0 8 283.1154 423.6999 Tm 0.1575 Tw (Cuba should, thus, have no objection to inspec-)Tj -17.0144 -0.9875 TD 0.19 Tw (tion. It should also be taken into account that Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.4736 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.19 Tw (s alleged biowarfare program)Tj -25.6776 -0.9875 TD 0.1675 Tw (is said to have been set up during its alliance with the Soviet Union. The Soviets)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (initiated their biowarfare program a year after the USSR had signed the Convention)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00033)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6621)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 120 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F19 19 0 R /F22 49 0 R /F23 95 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 122 0 obj << /Length 9773 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (30)Tj ET 0 G 0 J 0 j 0.5 w 10 M []0 d 1 i 147 369.8 m 197 369.8 l S BT 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 362.9972 Tm (84)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 361.1 Tm 0.1086 Tw (In April 1992, Boris Yeltsin admitted to the Soviet Union)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.4086 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1086 Tw (s violation of the Convention and)Tj -29.6406 -1 TD 0.3743 Tw (issued an edict banning further offensive research and development. The Soviet program,)Tj /F23 1 Tf T* 0 Tw (Biopreparat )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.9417 0 TD 0.1286 Tw (was set up in 1973, just a year after the Soviet Union signed the Convention ban-)Tj -5.9417 -1 TD 0.2086 Tw (ning the development, use, and stockpiling of biological weapons. The October 1989 defection)Tj T* 0.1714 Tw (to Great Britain of a )Tj /F23 1 Tf 10.5443 0 TD 0 Tw (Biopreparat )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.9845 0 TD 0.1714 Tw (scientist, Dr. Vladimir Pasechnik, prompted the British and)Tj -16.5288 -1 TD 0.2343 Tw (U.S. governments to deliver a formal diplomatic protest to Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev.)Tj T* 0.1914 Tw (Gorbachev denied the allegations and invited inspection teams in. The Soviets prepared their)Tj T* 0.1029 Tw (cover for months, but the inspection team left with strong suspicions that the Soviets were hid-)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (ing the truth. \(J. Tucker, ibid. pp. 159-162, 168 and other sources as per footnote 14.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 299.9972 Tm 0 Tw (85)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 298.1 Tm 0.1343 Tw (See the Convention, namely Art. VIII, and Leonard Cole. )Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.785 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1343 Tw (The Specter of Biological Weap-)Tj -30.221 -1 TD 0 Tw (ons,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.852 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.3294 0 TD 0.0514 Tw (Scientific American, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 9.674 0 TD (December 1999, pp. 60-65.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 285.9972 Tm 0 Tw (86)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 284.1 Tm 0.1143 Tw (Cuba is a member of the Executive Committee of the OPCW for the 2000-2002 period. The)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (Executive Council consists of 41 members, including seven states parties from Latin America)Tj T* 0.1257 Tw (and the Caribbean, designated by states located in that region. Each state party has the right,)Tj T* 0.2143 Tw (in accordance with the principle of rotation, to serve on the Executive Council; members are)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (elected for a term of two years.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 250.9972 Tm 0 Tw (87)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 249.1 Tm 0.2114 Tw (Under Article IX of the CWC any State Party can request the Secretariat to conduct an)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.1629 Tw (on-site challenge inspection anywhere in the territory of any other State Party. States Parties)Tj T* 0.1371 Tw (are not granted the right to refuse a challenge inspection, regardless of the nature of the loca-)Tj T* 0.0514 Tw (tion at which it is to take place.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 222.9972 Tm 0 Tw (88)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 221.1 Tm 0.3114 Tw (This is particularly important in the wake of the September 21st, 2001 arrest of Ana)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.1343 Tw (Montes, the Defense Intelligence Agency)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.3145 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1343 Tw (s top Cuba specialist, for spying for Cuba. Reportedly,)Tj -19.5185 -1 TD 0.2543 Tw (she could have had a very influential role in downplaying the threat posed by Cuba to the)Tj T* 0.1886 Tw (United States. \(See John J. Miller, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.3947 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1886 Tw (Under In Castro)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.9693 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1886 Tw (s Service: The undertold story of Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.8177 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -44.9977 -1 TD 0.08 Tw (spying, and terror,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.7712 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.358 0 TD 0.08 Tw (National Review, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 8.3451 0 TD (Vol. LIII, No. 21, November 5, 2001 and Christopher Mar-)Tj -17.8823 -1 TD 0 Tw (quis, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.6068 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.1057 Tw (Labels of analyst vary, but spy came as a surprise,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.3088 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD ( )Tj /F23 1 Tf 0.3837 0 TD 0.1057 Tw (The New York Times, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 10.57 0 TD (September 30,)Tj -38.6854 -1 TD 0 Tw (2001.\))Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 173.9972 Tm (89)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 172.1 Tm 0.0914 Tw (The author understands that all of the Cuban defectors interviewed for this paper have not)Tj -2.028 -1 TD 0.0514 Tw (been debriefed by U.S. intelligence or government representatives.)Tj 5.446 0 0 4.55 154 159.9972 Tm 0 Tw (14)Tj 7 0 0 7 161.196 158.1 Tm 0.0714 Tw (For more on the Iraq-Cuba relation, see Briefing Paper by Manuel Cereijo, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 35.5638 0 TD 0 Tw (Cuba-Iraq, )Tj /F22 1 Tf 5.4045 0 TD (Octo-)Tj -42.9963 -1 TD 0.2371 Tw (ber 2001. \(Cereijo, former professor at Florida International University, claims he has inter-)Tj T* 0.1314 Tw (viewed many scientists and defectors from Cuba over a period of years. He reports that by the)Tj T* 0.2029 Tw (early 1990s Iraq had given Cuba anthrax virus for its development. See his papers at http://)Tj T* 0.2 Tw (www.amirospais-guaracabuya.org/index cereijo.html\). Also see Marcelo Ferna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 36.5401 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD (ndez-Zayas, )Tj /F23 1 Tf 5.9781 0 TD (Intel-)Tj -42.9627 -1 TD 0.0886 Tw (ligence Report )Tj /F22 1 Tf 6.9343 0 TD (of October 25, 2001. \(Ferna)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.469 0.0939 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.4445 -0.0939 TD 0.0886 Tw (ndez-Zayas has written has interviewed numerous de-)Tj -19.8478 -1 TD 0.2429 Tw (fectors and has contacts with diplomats and government sources worldwide. His articles are)Tj 8 0 0 8 147 648 Tm 0.3975 Tw (banning the development, production and stockpiling of all offensive biological)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (agents. Despite forceful and official denials, it was only after irrefutable testimony)Tj T* 0.145 Tw (provided by top defectors and the actual breakdown of the USSR that the Russian)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (Federation acknowledged its violation of the Biological Weapons Convention.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 434.9796 626.1679 Tm 0 Tw (84)Tj 8 0 0 8 155 616.0001 Tm 0.135 Tw (The Chemical Weapons Convention \(CWC\) has detailed provisions on compliance)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.0575 Tw (and verification. In fact, it established the Organization for the Prohibition of Chem-)Tj T* 0.1 Tw (ical Weapons \(OPCW\), headquartered in The Hague, which provides mechanisms of)Tj T* 0.255 Tw (implementation and international verification of compliance.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 382.1086 594.168 Tm 0 Tw (85)Tj 8 0 0 8 393.2899 592.0001 Tm 0.255 Tw (The United States)Tj -30.7862 -1 TD 0.2275 Tw (should submit an immediate inspection challenge to the OPCW)Tj /F18 1 Tf 31.0826 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2275 Tw (s Executive Com-)Tj -31.2866 -1 TD 0 Tw (mittee.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 174.3996 578.168 Tm [(86)-212.1(87)]TJ 8 0 0 8 155 568.0001 Tm 0.3375 Tw (Verification of Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.9529 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.3375 Tw (s compliance with both Conventions should be conducted)Tj -11.1569 -1 TD 0.095 Tw (through inspections characterized by the )Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.6037 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.095 Tw (any time, any place)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.2869 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.095 Tw [( concept incorporated)]TJ -29.7066 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (in the CWC \(they are to be launched at very short notice and can be directed at)Tj T* 0.27 Tw (declared or undeclared facilities and locations\). The inspections should also take)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (place over an indefinite period of time.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.3375 Tw (The United States government should, regardless of international efforts and)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.1675 Tw (without further delay, form an interagency Task Force on Cuba to study this spe-)Tj T* 0.1825 Tw (cific issue exclusively, gathering all intellirnce reports from different agencies and)Tj T* 0.1175 Tw (reassessing the potential threat to U.S. security.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 331.7733 506.168 Tm 0 Tw (88)Tj 8 0 0 8 341.8546 504.0002 Tm 0.1175 Tw (The Task Force should also con-)Tj -24.3568 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (duct a serious and thorough review of the allegations of scientists and other defec-)Tj T* 0.0525 Tw (tors from Cuba that, up to now, have been mostly ignored.)Tj 6.224 0 0 5.2 366.1887 490.168 Tm 0 Tw (89)Tj 10 0 0 10 157 470.0002 Tm 0.052 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 470.0002 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 470.0002 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Senator.)Tj -6.6051 -1 TD 0.066 Tw (Before I turn to Senator Levin, I just want to come back, because)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.096 Tw (in reading the speech Mr. Bolton gave, because he goes on in some)Tj T* 0.19 Tw (paragraphs, this one paragraph is yours, but your staff said they)Tj T* 0.138 Tw (read the whole speech and had the whole speech and looked at it.)Tj T* 0.108 Tw (So he asked the question here, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.0208 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.108 Tw (Why was the 1998 report on Cuba)Tj -15.4288 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (so unbalanced?)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.0709 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.052 Tc ( I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.737 0 TD 0 Tc ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (m quoting the speech here.)Tj -7.4199 -1 TD 0.178 Tw (My first question to you was has there been any change in the)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (assessment on Cuba? Your answer was )Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.6847 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.052 Tw (no, substantially not.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.9029 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -27.9956 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 380.0002 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 380.0002 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No, there has not.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00034)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 123 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R /F23 95 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 125 0 obj << /Length 7908 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (31)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.134 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.1993 646 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.871 646 Tm 0.134 Tw (. So is that statement )Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.8768 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (unbalanced,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.6119 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.134 Tw [( is that an in-)]TJ -24.9918 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (accurate statement based on the INR)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.4837 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s assessment?)Tj -16.6877 -1 TD 0.084 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.9496 626 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.1733 626 Tm 0.084 Tw (. INR)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.584 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.084 Tw (s position is that, that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.5238 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.084 Tw (as I was stating and that)Tj -19.8291 -1 TD 0.056 Tw (I will elaborate on later, but how people characterize that is not my)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (call. They can)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.4939 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.278 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (re just intelligence)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.7149 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -16.6907 -1 TD 0.056 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.4193 596 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.091 596 Tm 0.056 Tw (. When you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.2969 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.056 Tw (re given a speech to look at and you see)Tj -13.11 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (that someone)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.2879 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.102 Tw (s about to make, in the administration, make a char-)Tj -6.4919 -1 TD 0.134 Tw (acterization that the work of your agency only 3 years earlier was)Tj T* 0 Tw (unbalanced)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.3339 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -4.3339 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 555.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 555.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. It would not be the first time that someone took a shot)Tj -5.4853 -1 TD 0.306 Tw (at the intelligence community. It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.3918 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.306 Tw (s not our responsibility to put)Tj -16.5958 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (words in the mouths of policymakers.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.11 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.9593 525.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.631 525.9999 Tm 0.11 Tw (. Did you raise, did anyone raise, any objections to)Tj -7.6631 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (that word being used, even though I understand it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.7406 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.06 Tw (s policy? I mean,)Tj -23.9446 -1 TD 0.18 Tw (if I saw someone was going to say something about my office, I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 31.0156 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (d)Tj -31.2196 -1 TD 0.25 Tw (say, well, that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.0209 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.25 Tw (s incorrect)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.0819 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.25 Tw (if you feel that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.4729 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.25 Tw (s incorrect. I presume)Tj -20.9837 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (you feel that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.9009 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s incorrect; is that right?)Tj -5.1049 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 475.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 475.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. It certainly is not INR)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.0568 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s position.)Tj -15.7462 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.0993 465.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.771 465.9999 Tm 0.124 Tw (. OK. Well, you look at the whole speech, it seems)Tj -7.6771 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (to me when you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.5299 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.09 Tw (ve got paragraph after paragraph here)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.2837 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.09 Tw (you know,)Tj -27.0176 -1 TD 0.152 Tw (we went through a period back in the eighties when we had a lot)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (of assessments about the Soviet Union that turned out to be ter-)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (ribly wrong in terms of their capabilities, economically and other-)Tj T* 0 Tw (wise.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.126 Tw (My concern here is, look, if Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.8488 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.126 Tw (s got this stuff I want to know)Tj -17.0528 -1 TD 0.234 Tw (it, and I want to deal with it immediately, and if they don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 29.4066 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.234 Tw (t we)Tj -29.6106 -1 TD 0 Tw (don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.685 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.2 Tw (t want to raise specters here that divert attention, resources,)Tj -1.889 -1 TD 0.064 Tw (and the like when they ought to be going elsewhere. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.1256 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.064 Tw (s my con-)Tj -27.3296 -1 TD 0.234 Tw (cern. So when you get a speech like this, when I have INR dis-)Tj T* 0 Tw (agreeing)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.9999 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.326 Tw (I understand you agree with certain pieces here, but)Tj -4.9999 -1 TD 0 Tw (there)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.444 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.162 Tw (s a lot of rhetoric around this, made by a very high-ranking)Tj -2.648 -1 TD 0.106 Tw (administration official, that had to be corrected, as Senator Chafee)Tj T* 0.29 Tw (has pointed out, by various people trying to spin this correctly.)Tj T* 0.218 Tw (That worries me and concerns me, as we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.2497 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.218 Tw (re trying to make deci-)Tj -20.4537 -1 TD 0.108 Tw (sions both in the administration and in the Congress about how to)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (allocate resources, time and attention.)Tj 1 -1 TD (So that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.4049 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s the reason I raised it.)Tj -3.6089 -1 TD (Senator Levin.)Tj T* 0.212 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.8693 265.9999 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.197 265.9999 Tm 0.212 Tw (. Thank you. And thank you, Mr. Chairman and)Tj -7.9197 -1 TD 0.146 Tw (our colleagues, for allowing me to join you for a few minutes here)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (just to ask a few questions.)Tj 1 -1 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 235.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 235.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Not at all.)Tj -6.6051 -1 TD 0.156 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3093 225.9999 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.637 225.9999 Tm 0.156 Tw (. Your prepared remarks indicate the difficulty in)Tj -7.8637 -1 TD 0.136 Tw (differentiating between legitimate biomedical technology and illicit)Tj T* 0.076 Tw (offensive biological warfare technology because the technologies are)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (essentially identical; is that correct?)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 185.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 185.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.831 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s correct, Senator.)Tj -7.5203 -1 TD 0.212 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.8693 175.9999 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.197 175.9999 Tm 0.212 Tw (. So that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.3329 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.212 Tw (s where we get into the dual-use issue.)Tj -12.4566 -1 TD 0.172 Tw (How many countries other than Cuba are supplying dual-use bio-)Tj T* 0.124 Tw (medical technology to these states such as Iran? Do we have some)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (pretty good allies that are doing the same thing?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.134 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.4496 135.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.6733 135.9999 Tm 0.134 Tw (. I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.194 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.134 Tw (t know, Senator, and I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.8528 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.134 Tw (ll have to take the ques-)Tj -20.0221 -1 TD 0.172 Tw (tion and get back to you. I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.1878 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.172 Tw (t normally)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.0059 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.172 Tw (I just don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.7509 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.172 Tw (t have that)Tj -26.3526 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (in my notes.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00035)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 126 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 128 0 obj << /Length 7853 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (32)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.168 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.4293 646 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.757 646 Tm 0.168 Tw (. Can you find out how many of our NATO allies)Tj -7.8757 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (are supplying technology to Iran of the same type?)Tj 1 -1.02 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 625.6 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 625.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Yes, sir.)Tj -4.4853 -1.02 TD 0.128 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.0293 615.4 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.357 615.4 Tm 0.128 Tw (. Would it surprise you to find out that some are?)Tj -6.8357 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 605.2 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 605.2 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No.)Tj -4.4853 -1.02 TD (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.2693 595 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.597 595 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Have we protested that to them?)Tj -6.7597 -1.02 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 584.8 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 584.8 Tm 0.052 Tw (. I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.03 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t know.)Tj -7.7193 -1.02 TD (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.2693 574.6 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.597 574.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Can you find that out for us?)Tj -6.7597 -1.02 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 564.4 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 564.4 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Yes.)Tj -4.4853 -1.02 TD 0.224 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.9893 554.2 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.317 554.2 Tm 0.224 Tw (. The use of the words )Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.7338 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.224 Tw (has an effort)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.2999 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.224 Tw [( is an un-)]TJ -26.7814 -1.02 TD 0.134 Tw (usual construction of the English language. You said this morning)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (that there)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.7189 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s a distinction between effort and program.)Tj -3.9229 -1.02 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 523.6 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 523.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.831 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s correct.)Tj -7.5203 -1.02 TD 0.174 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.4893 513.4 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.817 513.4 Tm 0.174 Tw (. Usually when you are making an effort you are)Tj /F18 1 Tf -7.8817 -1.02 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.316 Tw (making an effort,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.6329 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.316 Tw [( you don)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 4.5209 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (t )Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.983 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.316 Tw (have an effort.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.3359 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.316 Tw [( It suggests that)]TJ -23.3087 -1.02 TD 0.136 Tw (there was a different construction when this was first drafted and)Tj T* 0.19 Tw (then the word )Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.3109 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (program)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.9439 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.19 Tw [( was changed to )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 8.3909 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (effort)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.499 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.19 Tw (; is that correct?)Tj -22.7767 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 472.6 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 472.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No, sir.)Tj -4.4853 -1.02 TD 0.096 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.7093 462.4 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.037 462.4 Tm 0.096 Tw (. So this was always structured as )Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.6938 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.096 Tw (has an effort)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.0439 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (?)Tj -31.3574 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (It was never )Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.1749 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.052 Tw (making an effort)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.8269 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (?)Tj -13.8178 -1.02 TD 0.134 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.4496 442 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.6733 442 Tm 0.134 Tw (. Well, the history has been told to me. I didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.1577 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.134 Tw (t live it,)Tj -27.929 -1.02 TD 0.182 Tw (so I can only give you my version of it. But my understanding is)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (that the issue of whether it was a program or an effort goes back)Tj T* 0.26 Tw (at least to the 1999 National Intelligence Estimate, and that at)Tj T* 0.064 Tw (least a distinction that we make is that a program has certain clas-)Tj T* 0.338 Tw (sic signatures that we developed in the intelligence community)Tj T* 0.28 Tw (from looking at the Soviet Union and the Russian CW/BW pro-)Tj T* 0.078 Tw (gram. And it has certain components. And that those)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.1256 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.945 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.078 Tw (s called)Tj -28.2746 -1.02 TD 0.196 Tw (a program, because it has a multifaceted, many components to it)Tj T* 0.126 Tw (that are all designed to create military weapons that can be deliv-)Tj T* 0.524 Tw (ered by military forces, conventional military forces)Tj /F18 1 Tf 26.9776 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (artillery)Tj -27.9776 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (units, air forces, et cetera.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.31 Tw (An effort in our minds is the research and development nec-)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.178 Tw (essary to create BW weapons in the laboratory that can be deliv-)Tj T* 0.256 Tw (ered in conventional means, by putting into a weapon that may)Tj T* 0.228 Tw (have already been built and you bought from Russia for conven-)Tj T* 0.178 Tw (tional purposes, or, more likely, delivered in some unconventional)Tj T* 0.284 Tw (way; and that it stops short of being a full-fledged 100 percent)Tj T* 0.054 Tw (major program to develop a stockpile of hundreds, thousands of bio-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (logical weapons.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.168 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.4293 238 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.757 238 Tm 0.168 Tw (. I think you may have been asked earlier, but if)Tj -7.8757 -1.02 TD 0.232 Tw (so, forgive me for asking this again. There was a newspaper ac-)Tj T* 0.102 Tw (count in the Washington Times on May 7 that stated that a senior)Tj T* 0.258 Tw (administration official said )Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.5538 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.258 Tw (Washington has gathered broad and)Tj -13.9618 -1.02 TD 0.202 Tw (deep evidence of Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.8468 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.202 Tw (s pursuit of biological weapons.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.2358 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.202 Tw [( Have we?)]TJ -25.6946 -1.02 TD 0.246 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.5696 187 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.7933 187 Tm 0.246 Tw (. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.209 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.246 Tw (ve characterized the INR)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.3108 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.246 Tw (s position, which I think)Tj -19.6071 -1.02 TD 0.076 Tw (also reflects the community, that we believe that the evidence)Tj /F18 1 Tf 29.2426 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (our)Tj -30.2425 -1.02 TD 0.232 Tw (judgment is that the evidence supports a limited development, a)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (development offensive BW capability.)Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.076 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.5093 146.3 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.837 146.3 Tm 0.076 Tw (. Is it broad and deep evidence of the pursuit of bi-)Tj -7.7837 -1.01 TD 0.052 Tw (ological weapons, the focus on )Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.3538 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (weapons)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.9819 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (?)Tj -18.1517 -1.01 TD 0.104 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.1496 126.0999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.3733 126.0999 Tm 0.104 Tw (. Clearly we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.7089 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.104 Tw (re suggesting that Cuba is working on bio-)Tj -11.4502 -1.01 TD 0.052 Tw (logical weapons.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00036)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 129 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 131 0 obj << /Length 7414 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (33)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.264 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.3893 646 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.717 646 Tm 0.264 Tw (. And that we have broad and deep evidence of)Tj -7.9717 -0.99 TD 0.062 Tw (their pursuit of weapons? I just want to know, is that a fair charac-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (terization of that finding?)Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.206 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.1696 616.3 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.3933 616.3 Tm 0.206 Tw (. I was not the senior administration official that the)Tj -5.6393 -0.99 TD 0.052 Tw (Times is talking about.)Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.126 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.0093 596.5 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.337 596.5 Tm 0.126 Tw (. In your judgment is that a fair characterization?)Tj -6.8337 -0.99 TD 0.118 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.2896 586.6 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.5133 586.6 Tm 0.118 Tw (. There)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.3959 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.118 Tw (s no one on my staff)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.7759 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.118 Tw (I would not have charac-)Tj -19.9271 -0.99 TD 0.134 Tw (terized it as broad and deep. I would say that there is substantial)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (information about Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.1798 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s BW program.)Tj -10.3838 -0.99 TD 0.258 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.3293 556.9 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.657 556.9 Tm 0.258 Tw (. All right. Do you know who issued that state-)Tj -7.9657 -0.99 TD 0 Tw (ment?)Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 537.1 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 537.1 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No.)Tj -4.4853 -0.99 TD 0.244 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.1893 527.2 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.517 527.2 Tm 0.244 Tw (. It does not reflect, however, in your judgment,)Tj -7.9517 -0.99 TD 0.052 Tw (your finding, your characterization?)Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.28 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.9096 507.4 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 204.1333 507.4 Tm 0.28 Tw (. I didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.875 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.28 Tw (t say it. I would characterize it slightly dif-)Tj -9.7923 -0.99 TD 0 Tw (ferently.)Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.864 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 211.3893 487.6 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 232.717 487.6 Tm 0.864 Tw (. Have you attempted to find out who)Tj -8.5717 -0.99 TD 0.052 Tw (mischaracterized it?)Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.178 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.8896 467.8 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.1133 467.8 Tm 0.178 Tw (. No. I have asked the question myself, I wonder who)Tj -5.6113 -0.99 TD 0.052 Tw (that was, but I haven)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.1178 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (t)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.389 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.052 Tw (no one has admitted it to me.)Tj -10.7108 -0.99 TD (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.2693 448 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.597 448 Tm 0.052 Tw (. But you have sought to find out, is that it?)Tj -6.7597 -1 TD 0.058 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6896 438 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.9133 438 Tm 0.058 Tw (. Well, like anybody who has followed this, I have asked)Tj -5.4913 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (the question, I wonder who said that?)Tj 1 -1 TD (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.2693 418 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.597 418 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Why?)Tj -6.7597 -1 TD 0.264 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.7496 408 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.9733 408 Tm 0.264 Tw (. Well, I just thought it was interesting. Clearly the)Tj -5.6973 -1 TD 0.056 Tw (committee here thought it was interesting, and I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.8567 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.056 Tw (ve certainly gotten)Tj -23.0607 -1 TD 0.144 Tw (more questions about Cuba and Cuba BW in the last month or so)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (than I ever realized that you could ask, quite frankly.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.066 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.4093 368 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.737 368 Tm 0.066 Tw (. You will submit to the committee, I believe, if I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.9237 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (m)Tj -30.9014 -1 TD 0.174 Tw (allowed to ask that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.3399 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.174 Tw (Mr. Chairman, I think I can)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.8518 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.174 Tw (t ask that, so I)Tj -24.3956 -1 TD 0.126 Tw (have to ask you whether or not it would be all right if we ask our)Tj T* 0.058 Tw (witness to submit those two lists to the committee that I suggested.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 328 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 328 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Yes, we will make that request.)Tj -6.6051 -1 TD 0.098 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.0896 318 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.3133 318 Tm 0.098 Tw (. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.061 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.098 Tw (d be happy to, Senator. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.8438 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.098 Tw (m not sure how long it will)Tj -18.8441 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (take us. It may already be prepared and I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.3637 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.14 Tw (ll just go ask somebody)Tj -20.5677 -1 TD 0.152 Tw (to give it to me, or it may be we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.8718 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.152 Tw (ll have to do a little bit of work.)Tj -16.0758 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (But we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.3299 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (ll put it together for you.)Tj -2.5339 -1 TD ([The information requested is classified.])Tj 8 0 0 8 155 264 Tm 0.0525 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 176.3076 264 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 8 0 0 8 190.8868 264 Tm 0.0525 Tw (. [DELETED].)Tj 10 0 0 10 157 246 Tm 0.052 Tw (Senator L)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.2693 246 Tm 0 Tw (EVIN)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.597 246 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you.)Tj -6.7597 -1 TD (Thank you, Mr. Chairman.)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.2593 226 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.931 226 Tm 0.14 Tw (. That Miami Herald story, which I think was the)Tj -7.6931 -1 TD 0.188 Tw (same article in which the words of )Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.4098 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.188 Tw (broad and deep)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.4509 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1.408 0 TD 0.188 Tw (it may not)Tj -26.6766 -1 TD 0.18 Tw (have been, maybe. Well, it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.8898 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.18 Tw (s not the Miami Herald. That was the)Tj -13.0938 -1 TD 0.13 Tw (Washington Times. The Miami Herald in October of last year con-)Tj T* 0.082 Tw (tained a story claiming that Cuba has sold to Iran production tech-)Tj T* 0.362 Tw (nology for recombinant hepatitis B vaccine, interferon used for)Tj T* 0.076 Tw (treatment of viral diseases and some forms of cancer, and a variety)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (of other things used for heart attacks, stroke.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.196 Tw (The story was based on a 1999)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.2918 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.196 Tw (now, this is a public story, so)Tj -17.2918 -1 TD 0 Tw (I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.407 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.102 Tw (m not asking about any classified information)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.8007 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.102 Tw (a 1999 Cuban de-)Tj -23.4117 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (fector, Dr. Jose de la Fuente, who formerly directed Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.5616 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.124 Tw (s Center)Tj -27.7656 -1 TD 0.204 Tw (for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology. He oversaw the work)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00037)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 132 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 134 0 obj << /Length 7463 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (34)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.17 Tw (of 350 scientists at what would be their major, I gather, research)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (facility in the area of biotechnology.)Tj 1 -1 TD (Are you familiar with this individual?)Tj T* (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 616 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 616 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Yes.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD 0.096 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.8193 606 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.491 606 Tm 0.096 Tw (. Dr. De la Fuente, a defector, told the Miami Her-)Tj -7.6491 -1 TD 0.252 Tw (ald that he had: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.6399 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.252 Tw (No reason to believe that Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.5408 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.252 Tw (s sale of tech-)Tj -24.7927 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (nology to Iran was malicious, although the outcome could be.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.6006 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -27.6006 -1 TD (Isn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.481 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.14 Tw (t it virtually impossible to deny a country access to dual-use)Tj -2.685 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (technology in the BW area?)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 555.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 555.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Extremely, extraordinarily difficult.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD 0.208 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.9393 545.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.611 545.9999 Tm 0.208 Tw (. In other words, are almost all commercial tech-)Tj -7.7611 -1 TD 0.172 Tw (nologies in the pharmaceutical area adaptable to BW purposes as)Tj T* 0 Tw (well?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 515.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 515.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Yes.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD 0.186 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.7193 505.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.391 505.9999 Tm 0.186 Tw (. Is Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.5209 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.186 Tw (well, I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.057 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.186 Tw (ve asked is it the only country.)Tj -16.521 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (You have answered you don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.2498 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.09 Tw (t know that, but you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.7699 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.09 Tw (re not going to be)Tj -23.4277 -1 TD 0.268 Tw (surprised if)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.5819 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.268 Tw (in fact, we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.2959 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.268 Tw (ll state as a matter of record there are)Tj -12.0818 -1 TD 0.204 Tw (other countries, allies of ours, who do sell dual-use technology in)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the pharmaceutical area to Iran and other rogue states.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.118 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.2896 455.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.5133 455.9999 Tm 0.118 Tw (. It certainly wouldn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.7619 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.118 Tw (t surprise me. I just don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.7008 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.118 Tw (t know it)Tj -27.422 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (for a fact.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.072 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.5793 435.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.251 435.9999 Tm 0.072 Tw (. What dual-use technology has Cuba sold or other-)Tj -7.6251 -1 TD 0.058 Tw (wise made available to rogue states? Which ones? What other coun-)Tj T* 0.18 Tw (tries have made)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.7499 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.18 Tw (we don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.421 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.18 Tw (t bother with that question. Would any-)Tj -12.3748 -1 TD 0.104 Tw (thing they sell in this area be automatically classified as dual-use?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.138 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.4896 396 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.7133 396 Tm 0.138 Tw (. What I can say about this, I do touch on this subject)Tj -5.5713 -1 TD 0.086 Tw (briefly in my classified presentation. If you don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.3807 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.086 Tw (t mind, I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.1909 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.086 Tw (m not try-)Tj -26.9796 -1 TD 0.194 Tw (ing to avoid the question, but it would really be better for me to)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (answer this in the closed session.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.174 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.5993 355.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.271 355.9999 Tm 0.174 Tw (. Again, I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.7449 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.174 Tw (t want to draw you into policy, but)Tj -14.676 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (it seems to me if in fact what you said is true, and I believe it to)Tj T* 0.104 Tw (be the case, it is very difficult in the pharmaceutical area, in dual-)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (use technology, to be able to characterize it as strictly BW or not)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (BW because of the potential use of it, the capability.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.12 Tw (It seems to me if that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.4718 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.12 Tw (s the case then it would make more sense)Tj -11.6758 -1 TD 0.194 Tw (for the United States to deny Iran, Syria, and other rogue states)Tj T* 0.266 Tw (access to vaccine production technology, whether it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.1506 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.266 Tw (s from Cuba,)Tj -25.3546 -1 TD 0.31 Tw (France, or any other country. That to me ought to seem to be)Tj T* 0.244 Tw (where the effort ought to be if in fact they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.4557 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.244 Tw (re getting it from so)Tj -21.6597 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (many sources. Do you agree with that?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.116 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.2696 245.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.4933 245.9999 Tm 0.116 Tw (. Again, as you suggest, that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.6568 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.463 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.116 Tw (I obviously have a per-)Tj -20.8731 -1 TD 0.104 Tw (sonal view and a sense for policy, but that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.2057 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.104 Tw (s really not my field. Of)Tj -20.4097 -1 TD 0.066 Tw (course, I think that we should try to do what we can to ensure that)Tj T* 0.054 Tw (rogue states like Iran don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.1058 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.054 Tw (t get nuclear, chemical, or biological tech-)Tj -12.3098 -1 TD 0.182 Tw (nologies, dual-use or otherwise, not only from Cuba but from any)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (of our friends, allies, other rogue states.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.254 Tw (But I admitted up front that that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.8588 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.254 Tw (s very, very difficult. It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.6078 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.254 Tw (s in)Tj -29.8746 -1 TD 0 Tw (fact)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.722 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.062 Tw (in measuring things, it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.7798 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.062 Tw (s much easier to deal with the nuclear)Tj -13.7058 -1 TD 0.168 Tw (problem than it is the biological weapons problem because there)Tj /F18 1 Tf 31.1275 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -31.3315 -1 TD 0.198 Tw (a difference in scale, difference in evidence, difference in require-)Tj T* 0.266 Tw (ments. So that BW is probably the most difficult for us to deal)Tj T* 0 Tw (with.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.276 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.6193 125.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.291 125.9999 Tm 0.276 Tw (. Dealing with the Carter visit, were you aware)Tj -7.8291 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (that President Carter was going to be making a visit to Cuba?)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00038)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 135 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 137 0 obj << /Length 7440 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (35)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.194 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.0496 646 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.2733 646 Tm 0.194 Tw (. I was aware that he was going to Cuba. I had read)Tj -5.6273 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (it in the newspapers or heard it on TV.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.186 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.7193 625.6 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.391 625.6 Tm 0.186 Tw (. Were you aware about the time that the Bolton)Tj -7.7391 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (speech was cleared by your agency, or your department, rather?)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.124 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.3496 605.2 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.5733 605.2 Tm 0.124 Tw (. Frankly, I didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.9659 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.124 Tw (t know that Secretary Bolton)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.9048 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.124 Tw (s speech)Tj -27.836 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (was scheduled or when it was going to be.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.122 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.0793 584.8 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.751 584.8 Tm 0.122 Tw (. That didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.3749 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.122 Tw (t raise any concerns in your mind that)Tj -13.254 -1.02 TD 0.236 Tw (this may have been a speech given in response to the upcoming)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (visit of the former President to Cuba?)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.116 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.2696 554.2 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.4933 554.2 Tm 0.116 Tw (. I didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.5469 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.116 Tw (t make the connection. I could understand why)Tj -9.3003 -1.02 TD 0.122 Tw (others might, but I simply was focused on another problem during)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (that period of time and I really didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.2427 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.09 Tw (t pay much attention to either)Tj -17.4467 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (the speech or, unfortunately, President Carter)Tj /F18 1 Tf 21.6667 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s trip to Cuba.)Tj -20.8707 -1.02 TD 0.26 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.4593 513.4 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.131 513.4 Tm 0.26 Tw (. Did you participate in President Carter)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.3207 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.26 Tw (s intel-)Tj -28.3378 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (ligence briefings prior to his recent visit to Cuba?)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.068 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.7896 493 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.0133 493 Tm 0.068 Tw (. No, Mr. Chairman, I did not. I understand he received)Tj -5.5013 -1.02 TD 0.086 Tw (one, but it was from CIA or somebody. It wasn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.1837 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.086 Tw (t from myself or my)Tj -22.3877 -1.02 TD 0 Tw (staff.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.402 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 207.8793 462.4 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.551 462.4 Tm 0.402 Tw (. So you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.4159 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.402 Tw (re not aware whether or not he was)Tj -12.575 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (briefed about BW programs in Cuba?)Tj 1 -1.02 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 442 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 442 Tm 0.052 Tw (. I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.03 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t know.)Tj -7.7193 -1.02 TD 0.114 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.9993 431.8 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.671 431.8 Tm 0.114 Tw (. Is any of our information about Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.5037 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.114 Tw (s BW capa-)Tj -26.3748 -1.02 TD 0.396 Tw (bility or its programs based on Cuban scientists who actually)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (worked in the programs?)Tj 1 -1.02 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 401.2 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 401.2 Tm 0.052 Tw (. All of our information is indirect.)Tj -4.4853 -1.02 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 391 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 391 Tm 0.052 Tw (. The answer is no?)Tj -6.6051 -1.02 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 380.8 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 380.8 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No.)Tj -4.4853 -1.02 TD 0.264 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.4993 370.6 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.171 370.6 Tm 0.264 Tw (. There have been a number of defectors who)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.7427 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (ve)Tj -30.7638 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (come out of Cuba from the scientific community.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 350.2 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 350.2 Tm 0.052 Tw (. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.831 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s correct.)Tj -7.5203 -1.02 TD 0.25 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.3593 340 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.031 340 Tm 0.25 Tw (. But none of the information on which we base)Tj -7.8031 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (this conclusion is drawn from those sources?)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.144 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.5496 319.6 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.7733 319.6 Tm 0.144 Tw (. Of course, we look at all the information available to)Tj -5.5773 -1.02 TD 0 Tw (us)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.074 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.264 Tw (scientists, intelligence officers, emigres of various sorts from)Tj -2.074 -1.02 TD 0.19 Tw (Cuba. And these people have talked at various times and in var-)Tj T* 0.244 Tw (ious levels of detail about a limited offensive BW capability. We)Tj T* 0 Tw (didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.074 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t just pull it out of the air.)Tj -1.278 -1.02 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 268.6 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 268.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. But none of them had any direct)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.8648 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -22.4699 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 258.4 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 258.4 Tm 0.052 Tw (. None of them had direct evidence.)Tj -4.4853 -1.02 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 248.2 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 248.2 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Except Dr. De la Fuente.)Tj -6.6051 -1.02 TD 0.126 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.3696 238 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.5933 238 Tm 0.126 Tw (. Again, we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.3829 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.126 Tw (re getting to areas where for me to explain)Tj -11.1463 -1.02 TD 0.184 Tw (my reasoning and rationale I really need to talk about the whole)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (range of information.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.072 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.5793 207.4 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.251 207.4 Tm 0.072 Tw (. I understand. But my point is he directed the bio-)Tj -7.6251 -1.02 TD 0.284 Tw (technology program in Cuba, oversaw 350 scientists. He)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.8796 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.284 Tw (s asked)Tj -28.0836 -1.02 TD 0.132 Tw (whether or not there)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.9509 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.132 Tw (s any information that there was a malicious)Tj -10.1548 -1.02 TD 0.256 Tw (intent behind the export of dual technology to Iran and he said)Tj T* 0.222 Tw (none. Now, the capability is there, he quickly added. But there)Tj /F18 1 Tf 31.1316 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -31.3356 -1.02 TD 0.136 Tw (one person who did have a direct knowledge because of his role, a)Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.052 Tw (defector, and says no.)Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.132 Tw (But we have no one else from the scientific community who will)Tj -1 -1.01 TD 0.094 Tw (give us direct evidence, direct evidence to contradict his statement;)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (is that correct?)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00039)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 138 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 140 0 obj << /Length 7203 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (36)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.228 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.3896 646 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.6133 646 Tm 0.228 Tw (. Again, let me talk about the whole subject more in)Tj -5.6613 -1 TD 0.094 Tw (closed session. But I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.6339 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.094 Tw (m not suggesting that your characterization is)Tj -9.8379 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (incorrect or that you are not making a valid point.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.172 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.5793 616 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.251 616 Tm 0.172 Tw (. On the treaty violations)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.2828 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.172 Tw (again, I won)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.0489 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.172 Tw (t get into)Tj -27.2608 -1 TD 0.082 Tw (that because that statement you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.2938 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.082 Tw (ve already said we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.7849 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.082 Tw (ll bring that up)Tj -24.4866 -1 TD 0.162 Tw (with others along the way. It gets a little complicated. There)Tj /F18 1 Tf 29.5316 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.162 Tw (s an)Tj -29.7356 -1 TD 0.096 Tw (Australian group and other things that make this a little more dif-)Tj T* 0 Tw (ficult.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 565.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 565.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 555.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 555.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Yes, I thought you might appreciate that.)Tj -6.6051 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (Secretary Powell has stated that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.4848 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.102 Tw (and I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.528 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.102 Tw (m quoting)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.7879 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1.408 0 TD 0.102 Tw (Cuba has a)Tj -26.4126 -1 TD 0.4 Tw (biological offensive research capability,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.2757 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.4 Tw [( although the Secretary)]TJ -19.6837 -1 TD 0.204 Tw (also stated, and I quote him, )Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.6718 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.204 Tw (We didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.0369 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.204 Tw (t say that it actually had)Tj -19.3207 -1 TD 0.08 Tw (such weapons, but it has the capacity and the capability to conduct)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (such research.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.6989 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -5.6989 -1 TD 0.1 Tw (Under Secretary Bolton and yourself have both stated that Cuba)Tj -1 -1 TD 0 Tw (has )Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.16 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.252 Tw (limited offensive biological research developmental effort.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.8906 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.252 Tc ( I)Tj -30.8666 -1 TD 0 Tc 0.086 Tw (wonder if you could help us understand what constitutes capability)Tj T* 0.34 Tw (here. We)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.4319 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.34 Tw (re getting down to words and I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.4918 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.34 Tw (t want to get so)Tj -23.3317 -1 TD 0.068 Tw (bogged down in the minutiae, but this is a pretty important conclu-)Tj T* 0.28 Tw (sion and obviously you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.2858 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.28 Tw (re going to hear a lot about it, we have)Tj -11.4898 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (heard a lot about it here.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.338 Tw (For example, what kinds of laboratories, reagents, agent cul-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.106 Tw (tures, equipment, biocontainment facilities, et cetera, must a coun-)Tj T* 0.158 Tw (try possess in order to have such a capability, but not necessarily)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (a program? How would these facilities differ from those needed to)Tj T* 0.424 Tw (support a pharmaceutical R&D company, a university medical)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (school specializing in tropical diseases, for example?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.064 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.7496 365.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.9733 365.9999 Tm 0.064 Tw (. Cuba has in our judgment the trained personnel, med-)Tj -5.4973 -1 TD 0.238 Tw (ical and scientific, the knowledge as supported by their research)Tj T* 0.178 Tw (into various diseases, both human and animal. They have the re-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (search facilities, including biocontainment facilities. They have ev-)Tj T* 0.058 Tw (erything you need to build a offensive biological weapon. They don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 31.1945 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (t)Tj -31.3985 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (need anything else.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.102 Tw (The difference between that and a program is an arbitrary intel-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.138 Tw (ligence community judgment, that to have a program, you need to)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (be able to have a factory that tests the weapon, that puts the weap-)Tj T* 0.164 Tw (on in a bomb or a shell and/or does research and development on)Tj T* 0.166 Tw (that sort of weapons program, and has a unit within the military)Tj T* 0.06 Tw (specifically designated for a weapons capability. That whole process)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (of BW warfare is called a program.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (One, we don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.8059 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.06 Tw (t see that in Cuba. We don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.6398 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.06 Tw (t identify it having a pro-)Tj -19.8537 -1 TD 0.262 Tw (gram. But it has everything else in order to build the bug that)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (could be used against persons, livestock, or crops.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.224 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.0993 205.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.771 205.9999 Tm 0.224 Tw (. Well, I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.0779 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.224 Tw (ve got a major production facility in my)Tj -12.059 -1 TD 0.066 Tw (state, Pfizer Corporation in Groton, Connecticut. And 800 scientists)Tj T* 0.202 Tw (are there, a research facility, a fantastic one. Are you suggesting)Tj T* 0.156 Tw (to me that what exists there, because it is a great laboratory and)Tj T* 0.116 Tw (research facility and production facility as well, that that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.3196 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.116 Tw (s a capa-)Tj -27.5236 -1 TD 0.168 Tw (bility? Because they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.5959 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.168 Tw (re able to produce Viagra, picking a drug out)Tj -9.7999 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (of the air here, that they may be)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.3108 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.052 Tw (that capability)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.8319 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -22.1427 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 135.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 135.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. As long as it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.4689 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s not personal.)Tj -11.1582 -1 TD 0.172 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.5793 125.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.251 125.9999 Tm 0.172 Tw (. That capability)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.9579 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.172 Tw (no one is suggesting, Carl. You)Tj -16.683 -1 TD 0 Tw (don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.685 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t need to defend yourself.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00040)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 141 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 143 0 obj << /Length 8032 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (37)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 646 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 646 Tm 0.052 Tw (. One, I clearly don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.9679 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t think that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.5129 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -19.1701 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 635.8 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 635.8 Tm 0.052 Tw (. You know what I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.6359 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (m getting at here?)Tj -15.445 -1.02 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 625.6 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 625.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. I understand.)Tj -4.4853 -1.02 TD 0.156 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.4193 615.4 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 224.091 615.4 Tm 0.156 Tw (. What my point is is that capability)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.7257 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.945 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.156 Tw (s a ca-)Tj -28.5838 -1.02 TD 0.152 Tw (pability. Does that capability to produce one pharmaceutical prod-)Tj T* 0.174 Tw (uct, with all the scientists and so forth, is that the analogy we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.6486 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (re)Tj -30.8526 -1.02 TD 0.054 Tw (making here? And is there evidence that the Cuban pharmaceutical)Tj T* 0.206 Tw (industry, biotechnology industry, is aggressively pursuing produc-)Tj T* 0.082 Tw (tion of products that are non-BW in areas to deal with animal hus-)Tj T* 0.164 Tw (bandry issues, crop issues, human illness? Or is there an absence)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (of that, that would then heighten the degree of concern about a ca-)Tj T* 0.464 Tw (pability that doesn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.6339 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.464 Tw (t seem to be doing anything else? Unlike)Tj -9.8379 -1.02 TD 0 Tw (Pfizer)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.74 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s?)Tj -1.944 -1.02 TD 0.318 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.2896 513.4 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 204.5133 513.4 Tm 0.318 Tw (. I always suspected that the people in Connecticut)Tj -5.7513 -1.02 TD 0.324 Tw (probably didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.7139 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.324 Tw (t like me very much. But beyond that, I assume)Tj -6.9179 -1.02 TD 0 Tw (that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.945 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.648 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.054 Tw (re right, we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.4599 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.054 Tw (re really talking about that there is the capa-)Tj -10.4608 -1.02 TD 0.106 Tw (bility at medical, biological research facilities in the United States.)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (They have a capability for BW.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.214 Tw (I would point to the fact that we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.3518 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.214 Tw (re not quite sure)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.3089 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.214 Tw (in fact, as)Tj -26.8646 -1.02 TD 0.224 Tw (I read the newspapers and talk to my colleagues, we all suspect)Tj T* 0.242 Tw (that the anthrax that was used here in the United States, even)Tj T* 0.132 Tw (against the Senate, could very well have been produced right here)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (in the United States. So clearly that capability is there.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.18 Tw (The difference between what goes on here in the United States)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.06 Tw (and what we see in Cuba is that they clearly have a capability, and)Tj T* 0.152 Tw (we have seen them working with bad things that could make bio-)Tj T* 0.062 Tw (logical weapons, and they don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.0648 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.062 Tw (t like us. They may have good reason)Tj -14.2688 -1.02 TD 0.16 Tw (for that. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.5989 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.16 Tw (s a different call. But the fact is that they are wor-)Tj -6.8029 -1.02 TD 0.184 Tw (ried about the United States. They)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.9788 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.184 Tw (re afraid that we are going to)Tj -17.1828 -1.02 TD 0.286 Tw (use a weapon of mass destruction, biological, they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.9866 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.286 Tw (ve argued, or)Tj -25.1906 -1.02 TD 0.15 Tw (more likely in their minds, probably some sort of nuclear weapon,)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (and that that gives them cause, that gives them a reason why they)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (might want to use this capability to build a weapon.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.134 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.1993 309.4 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.871 309.4 Tm 0.134 Tw (. Do they have any justification for that? Have we)Tj -7.6871 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (ever had any plans to use)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.0578 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -11.0578 -1.02 TD 0.064 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.7496 289 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.9733 289 Tm 0.064 Tw (. I think they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.2669 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.064 Tw (you know, obviously, I see it from Amer-)Tj -12.7642 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (ican eyes. I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.2859 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t think they have any justification at all.)Tj -6.4899 -1.02 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 268.6 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 268.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Have we ever had any plans?)Tj -6.6051 -1.02 TD 0.204 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.1496 258.4 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.3733 258.4 Tm 0.204 Tw (. I think it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.3539 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.204 Tw (s a terrible mistake if that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.1898 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.204 Tw (s what they in)Tj -24.5891 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (fact believe.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.3 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.8593 238 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.531 238 Tm 0.3 Tw (. Have we ever had any plans to use biological)Tj -7.8531 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (weapons against Cuba?)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.124 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.3496 217.6 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.5733 217.6 Tm 0.124 Tw (. I personally don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.3909 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.124 Tw (t know. I hope to God we didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.6478 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.124 Tw (t. But)Tj -29.004 -1.02 TD 0.14 Tw (you know, I can)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.6799 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.14 Tw (t speak for what happened back in the fifties and)Tj -7.8839 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (the sixties. I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.8419 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t know.)Tj -7.0459 -1.02 TD 0.138 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.2393 187 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.911 187 Tm 0.138 Tw (. Well, the fact is they don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.8848 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.138 Tw (t like us. We don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.2939 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.138 Tw (t like)Tj -29.2778 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (them. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.2199 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s a major factor in the conclusion?)Tj -4.4239 -1.02 TD 0.206 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.1696 166.6 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.3933 166.6 Tm 0.206 Tw (. Certainly in my conclusion that I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.0888 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.206 Tw (m not particularly)Tj -22.9321 -1.02 TD 0.144 Tw (worried about the medical facilities and capability for BW in Con-)Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.052 Tw (necticut or London or even Paris.)Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.094 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.7993 136.2 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.471 136.2 Tm 0.094 Tw (. Unless there)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.6329 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.094 Tw (s someone there who doesn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.8948 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.094 Tw (t like us.)Tj -26.5828 -1.01 TD 0.242 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.5296 126.0999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.7533 126.0999 Tm 0.242 Tw (. But I am worried about it in Iran and Iraq, North)Tj -5.6753 -1.01 TD 0.078 Tw (Korea, and Cuba. But to say that it wasn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.5917 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.078 Tw (t a factor in my thinking,)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00041)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 144 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 147 0 obj << /Length 6828 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (38)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.254 Tw (that the position between or the feelings between Cuba and the)Tj 0 -1.02 TD 0.108 Tw (United States would be)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.1228 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.108 Tw (obviously it is a factor in my assessment.)Tj -11.1228 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 625.6 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 625.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Senator Chafee.)Tj -6.6051 -1.02 TD (Senator C)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 615.4 Tm 0 Tw (HAFEE)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.1468 615.4 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you.)Tj -7.6147 -1.02 TD 0.06 Tw (I would like to just followup on )Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.9588 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.06 Tw (they don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.0599 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.06 Tw (t like us.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.1399 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.06 Tw [( I guess that)]TJ /F18 1 Tf 5.9399 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -31.3225 -1.02 TD 0.164 Tw (the root of my dispute over this whole issue. And it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.1416 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.164 Tw (s no different)Tj -25.3456 -1.02 TD 0.156 Tw (from saying that the Russians didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.0778 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.156 Tw (t like us, but look at what we)Tj -17.2817 -1.02 TD 0.3 Tw (have accomplished in detente and conciliation. You can say the)Tj T* 0.138 Tw (North Vietnamese didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.1098 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.138 Tw (t like us, but look at what)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.7028 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.138 Tw (s happening be-)Tj -24.2206 -1.02 TD 0.122 Tw (tween these two countries now. The Chinese didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.7257 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.122 Tw (t like us back in)Tj -23.9296 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (the Korean War, but look at what is happening.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.118 Tw (Why isn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.9139 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.118 Tw (t there more of an effort here with Cuba? Just 90 miles)Tj -5.1179 -1.02 TD 0.15 Tw (away, to bridge across and to maybe assume that they do like us,)Tj T* 0.424 Tw (instead of assuming they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.8288 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.424 Tw (re aggressive. It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.2739 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.424 Tw (s no different as to)Tj -21.5107 -1.02 TD 0.16 Tw (whether Canada is capable of having a biological weapon. They)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.6496 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (re)Tj -30.8536 -1.02 TD 0.186 Tw (our allies. And I do think)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.5238 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.186 Tw (maybe you can dispute this)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.3568 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.186 Tw (that the)Tj -27.8806 -1.02 TD 0.162 Tw (signals coming from that island 90 miles south of us are positive,)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (and that things are changing.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.12 Tw (Their ally the Soviet Union is now our ally. Visitors are pouring)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.252 Tw (in, whether Canadians, Swiss, Swedes, Americans, and the olive)Tj T* 0.068 Tw (branch is being extended. Why isn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.2298 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.068 Tw (t the rhetoric from the State De-)Tj -16.4338 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (partment reflecting that?)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.076 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.8696 421.6 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.0933 421.6 Tm 0.076 Tw (. Well, as I suggested earlier, those questions are legiti-)Tj -5.5093 -1.02 TD 0.288 Tw (mate, important questions, but those should be directed at Sec-)Tj T* 0.204 Tw (retary Powell or others at State Department who are responsible)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (for developing our policy on Cuba.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.134 Tw (What I can say is that we in INR are telling the Secretary, and)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.152 Tw (we believe, that Cuba has a limited development offensive BW ef-)Tj T* 0 Tw (fort.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.098 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.8393 350.2 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.511 350.2 Tm 0.098 Tw (. We)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.135 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.098 Tw (ve been joined by Senator Nelson. I apologize,)Tj -9.9901 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (I didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.811 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t see him walk into the room. Bill, welcome.)Tj -2.015 -1.02 TD (Senator N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.7493 329.8 Tm 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.6448 329.8 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.)Tj -7.6645 -1.02 TD 0 Tw (I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.407 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.16 Tw (m curious about your statement, BW capability with regard to)Tj -1.611 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (crops. Could you expand on that?)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.122 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.3296 299.2 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.5533 299.2 Tm 0.122 Tw (. I will try. I would be the first to admit that I am not)Tj -5.5553 -1.02 TD 0.332 Tw (a biotechnical expert. I wouldn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.5698 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.332 Tw (t know a biological weapon if I)Tj -15.7738 -1.02 TD 0.16 Tw (stumbled over one. So within those restrictions, I will say that as)Tj T* 0.282 Tw (I have been told, that the research capabilities of Cuba include)Tj T* 0.206 Tw (work on various biological agents, pathogens, that could be effec-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (tive against both people, livestock, and crops.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.338 Tw (I had taken that as a pretty fundamental basis of biological)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.1 Tw (weapons, so I didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.8379 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1 Tw (t question it. I didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.3089 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1 Tw (t ask them which crops. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.1488 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (m)Tj -30.9075 -1.02 TD 0.114 Tw (assuming they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.8739 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.114 Tw (re talking about those close by, that you know well,)Tj -7.0779 -1.02 TD 0.102 Tw (that both the cattle industry and the fruits and vegetables in Flor-)Tj T* 0.258 Tw (ida would be clearly at least on my list of things to be worried)Tj T* 0 Tw (about.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.188 Tw (Now, I think that I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.6638 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.188 Tw (t want to give you the impression that)Tj -12.8678 -1.02 TD 0.13 Tw (we are suggesting to the Secretary or anybody else that there is a)Tj T* 0.134 Tw (person with a satchel on his way to Dade County or to Saint Pete)Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.074 Tw (with a bag of biological weapons. Indeed, we think that if you want)Tj T* 0.238 Tw (to talk about intentions, that it has to do with their fear of the)Tj T* 0.218 Tw (United States and wanting to have a deterrent, wanting to have)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (something in their capability that they could strike back at us.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00042)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 148 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 150 0 obj << /Length 6446 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (39)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.056 Tw (I certainly see no indications that there is a first strike capability)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.31 Tw (or effort to attack the United States. It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.0797 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.31 Tw (s simply an effort that)Tj -20.2837 -1 TD 0.218 Tw (would give them a capability if at some point in the future they)Tj T* 0.202 Tw (thought it important to attack using a biological weapon. I think)Tj T* 0.07 Tw (that would be a huge mistake for any country, to attack the United)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (States with such a weapon. But that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.7367 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.15 Tw (s the future and I can)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.7498 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.15 Tw (t read)Tj -28.8946 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (all of the)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.1789 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.052 Tw (I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.422 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t have a crystal ball.)Tj -6.8049 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (Senator N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.8293 576 Tm 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.7248 576 Tm 0.06 Tw (. So you see their weapons capability as more de-)Tj -8.6725 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (fensive in their planning, as opposed to offensive?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.254 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.6496 555.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.8733 555.9999 Tm 0.254 Tw (. They have an offensive capability, but I think that)Tj -5.6873 -1 TD 0.144 Tw (they see, the Cubans see it, as a deterrent, not as something that)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (they have decided in a back room in Havana that they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 26.4226 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.14 Tw (re going to)Tj -26.6266 -1 TD 0.206 Tw (use against the United States tomorrow, next week, next year, 5)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (years from now.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.534 Tw (Senator N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 209.5693 505.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 238.4648 505.9999 Tm 0.534 Tw (. That being your conclusion)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.1738 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.534 Tw (perhaps, Mr.)Tj -25.3203 -1 TD 0.234 Tw (Chairman, you might have already asked this. Perhaps in detail)Tj T* 0.162 Tw (you went into this or perhaps this is for the closed session, about)Tj T* 0.356 Tw (the potential of exporting those particular BW agents to other)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (countries. Have you gotten into that?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.296 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.8193 455.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.491 455.9999 Tm 0.296 Tw (. We talked a little about it. Senator Allen has)Tj -7.8491 -1 TD 0.226 Tw (talked a lot about it. We have as well. But it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.6367 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.226 Tw (s a big subject, so)Tj -22.8407 -1 TD 0 Tw (don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.685 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t hesitate. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.4569 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (m sure Carl won)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.8229 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t mind your asking.)Tj -14.5768 -1 TD 0.19 Tw (Senator N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.1293 425.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 235.0248 425.9999 Tm 0.19 Tw (. Given the nature of your last answer, that in)Tj -8.8025 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (your opinion that you seem to be of the opinion that their BW ele-)Tj T* 0.228 Tw (ments are more constructed in a defensive nature than offensive)Tj T* 0.188 Tw (nature, well, how does that work into whether or not they would)Tj T* 0.282 Tw (be exporting? And do we have any evidence of exports to other)Tj T* 0 Tw (countries?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.088 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.9896 365.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.2133 365.9999 Tm 0.088 Tw (. We are concerned about the pattern of trade activities)Tj -5.5213 -1 TD 0.3 Tw (that Cuba has maintained in their biomedical, biotechnical use,)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (equipment use. So that many of the things that they sell and trade)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (with other countries have a dual-use capability. Many or a number)Tj T* 0.08 Tw (of the countries that Cuba deals with are considered adversaries or)Tj T* 0.074 Tw (potential adversaries of the United States, and obviously we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.4116 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.074 Tw (re con-)Tj -28.6156 -1 TD 0.226 Tw (cerned about that technology, whether it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.9087 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.226 Tw (s dual-use or not, being)Tj -20.1127 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (transferred to those countries.)Tj 1 -1 TD (Senator N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.7493 285.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.6448 285.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.)Tj -7.6645 -1 TD 0.122 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.0793 275.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.751 275.9999 Tm 0.122 Tw (. I think it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.1079 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.122 Tw (s time to go into closed session. Do you)Tj -12.987 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (have something else, Senator, you want to raise?)Tj 1 -1 TD (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 255.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.7869 255.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Yes, if I may, just a few points.)Tj -6.9787 -1 TD 0.148 Tw (As far as Cuba, a few questions here, and also Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.4476 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.148 Tw (s past use,)Tj -26.6516 -1 TD 0.232 Tw (potentially, or just to get your views on the possible past use of)Tj T* 0.366 Tw (chemical or biological weapons by Cubans, and get clear what)Tj T* 0.094 Tw (former President Jimmy Carter)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.9298 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.094 Tw (s assertion was, whether you agree)Tj -15.1338 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (or disagree with it.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.282 Tw (Back in 1998 columnists Robert Novak and Roland Evans re-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.156 Tw (vealed that the Soviet Union was, of course, back in 1988, still in)Tj T* 0.15 Tw (existence, they were supplying Cuban troops who were fighting in)Tj T* 0.072 Tw (Angola. The United States and South Africa were supporting Jonas)Tj T* 0.094 Tw (Savimbi, the UNITA group. They cited evidence scrupulously docu-)Tj T* 0.152 Tw (mented by the senior United Nations consultant on chemical war-)Tj T* 0.166 Tw (fare, Dr. Aubin Heyndrickx of Belgium, toxicologists certified that)Tj T* 0.17 Tw (residue from chemical weapons, including sarin, was found in the)Tj T* 0.236 Tw (areas of recent action. When questioned then by Senator Dennis)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00043)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 151 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 153 0 obj << /Length 7292 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (40)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.118 Tw (DeConcini about the rumors, Dr. Heyndrickx, replied: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.9746 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.118 Tw (There is no)Tj -26.3826 -0.99 TD 0.208 Tw (doubt any more that the Cubans were using nerve gases against)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (troops of Mr. Jonas Savimbi.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.4508 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -12.4508 -0.99 TD 0.402 Tw (The columnists also went on and said how Heyndrickx had)Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.068 Tw (warned the United States that if Soviet Cuban managers in Angola)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (used gas in the past, they could in the future.)Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.11 Tw (More evidence also was in 1998 from South Africa, where Wuter)Tj -1 -0.99 TD 0.084 Tw (Bassin, former head of South Africa)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.9567 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.084 Tw (s covert chemical weapons pro-)Tj -17.1607 -0.99 TD 0.342 Tw (gram, had given a sworn statement implicating Cuba. He said)Tj T* 0.286 Tw (South Africa was forced to begin its chemical weapons program)Tj T* 0.324 Tw (after Cuba had used chemical warfare on South African troops)Tj T* 0.116 Tw (fighting in Angola. South Africa)Tj /F18 1 Tf 15.2238 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.116 Tw (this is before they became a free)Tj -16.2238 -0.99 TD 0.148 Tw (country for all people, but nevertheless)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.7587 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.148 Tw (were fighting on the side)Tj -19.7587 -0.99 TD 0.156 Tw (of the United States with Savimbi, and they felt that their troops)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (were defenseless and unprepared for it.)Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.158 Tw (Can you confirm or deny those assertions as far as the Cubans)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.5916 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -31.5916 -0.99 TD 0.052 Tw (efforts in the Angola war back in the late eighties?)Tj 1 -0.99 TD 0.154 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.6496 477.7 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.8733 477.7 Tm 0.154 Tw (. I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.234 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.154 Tw (t have any personal knowledge of those events.)Tj -9.0253 -0.99 TD 0.15 Tw (It doesn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.8719 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.15 Tw (t mean that they are true, false. Don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 17.9787 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.15 Tw (t know. If you don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.9339 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (t)Tj -31.3965 -0.99 TD 0.072 Tw (mind, Senator, I will)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.7549 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.704 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.072 Tw (s an important enough question that I will)Tj -11.6628 -0.99 TD 0.208 Tw (take it and find out and report back to you what the INR, what)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (the intelligence community, thinks about those reports.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0 Tw (I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.407 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.102 Tw (d point out that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.5479 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.102 Tw (but they are talking about chemical weapons,)Tj -10.1589 -1 TD 0.254 Tw (not biological weapons, and our judgments are slightly different.)Tj T* 0.234 Tw (Chemical weapons are somewhat easier to deal with in terms of)Tj T* 0.246 Tw (knowing whether or not they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.3548 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.246 Tw (re there or not. Biological weapons)Tj -14.5588 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (are just much more difficult to deal with.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.294 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.7993 378 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 225.471 378 Tm 0.294 Tw (. Well, do we have any evidence that there are)Tj -7.8471 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (chemical weapons in Cuba?)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 358 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 358 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD 0.186 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.1593 348 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 228.1269 348 Tm 0.186 Tw (. Well, some of the concerns as far as the trans-)Tj -8.1127 -1 TD 0.276 Tw (fers, say, to Iran are chemical and biological weapons. Granted,)Tj T* 0.336 Tw (they may be different, obviously, in their properties, but many)Tj T* 0.154 Tw (times are associated together for logical reasons. And they have)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.7956 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -30.7956 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (well, we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.7939 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (d like to see what)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.3029 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -11.3008 -1 TD 0.154 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.6496 298 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.8733 298 Tm 0.154 Tw (. Particularly since I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.9069 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.154 Tw (m on an unclassified level, before)Tj -15.6982 -1 TD 0.098 Tw (I misspeak let me just make sure and doublecheck both your ques-)Tj T* 0.1 Tw (tion and my response to Senator Dodd to make sure that I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.9366 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.1 Tw (m accu-)Tj -28.1406 -1 TD 0.126 Tw (rate and complete on their chemical, as well as on what happened)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (in Africa and what we think happened in Africa.)Tj 1 -1 TD ([The information referred to is classified.])Tj 8 0 0 8 155 234 Tm 0.0525 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 6.4 0 0 6.0958 176.3076 234 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 8 0 0 8 190.8868 234 Tm 0.0525 Tw (. [DELETED].)Tj 10 0 0 10 157 216 Tm 0.052 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 216 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.7869 216 Tm 0.052 Tw (. I appreciate that.)Tj -6.9787 -1 TD 0.092 Tw (Finally, and since we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.0559 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.092 Tw (re unclear whether Under Secretary Bolton)Tj -11.2598 -1 TD 0.276 Tw (used the word )Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.6059 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (development)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.8889 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.276 Tw [( twice in one sentence or )]TJ /F18 1 Tf 13.2488 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (develop-)Tj -27.9676 -1 TD (mental,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.5379 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.144 Tw [( let me quote from WashingtonPost.com May 14, 2002, on)]TJ -3.9459 -1 TD 0.28 Tw (President Carter, former President Carter)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.6557 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.28 Tw (s statements in Cuba.)Tj -20.8597 -1 TD 0.134 Tw (This is what it says: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.2289 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.134 Tw (I asked them)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.3059 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1.408 0 TD 0.134 Tw (regarding State Department)Tj -18.3507 -1 TD 0 Tw (people. )Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.6389 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.12 Tw (I asked them specifically, is there any evidence that Cuba)Tj -4.0469 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (has been involved in sharing any information to any other country)Tj T* 0.236 Tw (on Earth that could be used for terrorist purposes,)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.1096 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.236 Tw [( Carter said.)]TJ /F18 1 Tf -25.5176 -1 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.184 Tw (And the answer)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.6829 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1.408 0 TD 0.184 Tw (this is President Carter)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.4598 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.184 Tw (s comments: )Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.3499 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.184 Tw (And the)Tj -27.9206 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (answer from our experts on intelligence was no.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.4387 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00044)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 154 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 156 0 obj << /Length 7090 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (41)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.146 Tw (Now, is that an accurate statement on the part of former Presi-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (dent Carter, that our experts on intelligence say no, there is)Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.8436 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (that)Tj -29.8436 -1 TD 0.25 Tw (there is no evidence about the Cubans sharing information with)Tj T* 0.228 Tw (any other country on Earth that could be used for terrorist pur-)Tj T* 0 Tw (poses?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.158 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.6896 596 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.9133 596 Tm 0.158 Tw (. As I indicated earlier, Senator, I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.5517 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.158 Tw (t have any per-)Tj -24.3471 -1 TD 0.256 Tw (sonal knowledge of what CIA or someone else may have briefed)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (President Carter on. So I can)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.7048 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t speak to that.)Tj -12.9088 -1 TD 0.068 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.9793 565.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.9469 565.9999 Tm 0.068 Tw (. Well, regardless, let)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.9829 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.068 Tw (s assume)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.2909 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (let)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.204 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.068 Tw (s stipulate you)Tj -24.8804 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (were not in the room. You did not brief him. He was not asked)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.7876 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -30.7876 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (he did not ask you questions or anyone else.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.146 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.5696 535.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.7933 535.9999 Tm 0.146 Tw (. If he had asked me the question, I would, one, make)Tj -5.5793 -1 TD 0.16 Tw (the clear distinction between terrorism and any questions he may)Tj T* 0.086 Tw (have about Cuban BW effort, capabilities. There are a number of)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.7895 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -30.7895 -1 TD 0.23 Tw (on terrorism, there are a number of groups and individuals that)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (are terrorists that are resident in and/or travel frequently to Cuba.)Tj T* 0 Tw (That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.223 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.172 Tw (s a fact. They are sort of the Who)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.6548 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.172 Tw (s Who of various terrorist)Tj -19.2857 -1 TD 0.22 Tw (groups in Latin America and also other parts of the world. Do I)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (have extensive knowledge that the Cuban Government is directly)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (supporting terrorist activities against the United States or in other)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (parts of the world? I can)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.4818 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t go that far.)Tj -10.6858 -1 TD 0.134 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.6393 435.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 227.6069 435.9999 Tm 0.134 Tw (. Well, former President Carter said that it is no,)Tj -8.0607 -1 TD 0.456 Tw (in fact states that the United States)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.3877 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.456 Tw (this was at their bio-)Tj -20.3877 -1 TD 0.4 Tw (technology facility)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.8259 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.4 Tw (the United States had no proof that Cuba)Tj -9.8259 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (shared bioweapons data.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.18 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.9096 396 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.1333 396 Tm 0.18 Tw (. Well, but see, I would make)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.4348 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.18 Tw (I would make the dis-)Tj -21.0481 -1 TD 0.2 Tw (tinction between the questions about terrorism and the questions)Tj T* 0.138 Tw (about BW. My sense is that I am worried, and my statement sug-)Tj T* 0.134 Tw (gests my worry, that Cuba, with what I believe to be a limited of-)Tj T* 0.252 Tw (fensive BW effort, has had biomedical contact with a number of)Tj T* 0.148 Tw (countries in the world that worry and bother me. And so that the)Tj T* 0.224 Tw (connection with biological weapons with Iran and other places is)Tj T* 0.156 Tw (based on simply the fact that they are involved in economic, com-)Tj T* 0.114 Tw (mercial relations with Iran on biomedical devices, capabilities, and)Tj T* 0 Tw (research.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (So that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.4049 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s why we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.3269 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (re worried.)Tj -8.1399 -1 TD 0.196 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.2593 285.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 228.2269 285.9999 Tm 0.196 Tw (. Have you read former President Carter)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.8977 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.196 Tw (s state-)Tj -28.2244 -1 TD 0.71 Tw (ments, to the extent you can believe what you read in)Tj T* 0.282 Tw (WashingtonPost.com or elsewhere? I think WashingtonPost.com)Tj /F18 1 Tf 31.1325 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -31.3365 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (accurate. I want to say that they do a very good job.)Tj 1 -1 TD (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 245.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 245.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.831 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s your local paper. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.3379 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (d be careful there.)Tj -19.1819 -1 TD (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 235.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.7869 235.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Well, WashingtonPost.com is a great Website.)Tj -6.9787 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.2296 225.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.4533 225.9999 Tm 0.112 Tw (. In preparation for this hearing, I did not go back and)Tj -5.5453 -1 TD 0.078 Tw (review either a transcript or the press reports of President Carter)Tj /F18 1 Tf 31.1305 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (s)Tj -31.3345 -1 TD 0.058 Tw (comments. I recall at the time reading in both the Washington Post)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (and the Washington Times)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.6388 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -11.6388 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 185.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.7869 185.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Both fine newspapers in their own respects.)Tj -6.9787 -1 TD 0.222 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.3296 175.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 208.5533 175.9999 Tm 0.222 Tw ([continuing]. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.6109 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.222 Tw (s right)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.259 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.222 Tw (and listening to the radio)Tj -19.2291 -1 TD 0.338 Tw (and television remarks he made and the general thrust of the)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (issues that were discussed.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.4193 145.9999 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 227.3869 145.9999 Tm 0.112 Tw (. Since you have your general views of all of that,)Tj -8.0387 -1 TD 0.138 Tw (and if you have any recollection, do you think that his statements)Tj T* (of lack of concern on the part of the United States as far as Cuba)Tj T* 0.25 Tw (were an accurate description of our actual policy and the actual)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00045)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 157 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 159 0 obj << /Length 7530 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (42)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.134 Tw (concerns of our country insofar as Cuba)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.0987 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.134 Tw (s biological weapons capa-)Tj -19.3027 -1.02 TD 0.302 Tw (bilities, and also the dissemination or proliferation thereof else-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (where to rogue states?)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.306 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 186.1696 615.4 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 204.3933 615.4 Tm 0.306 Tw (. I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.538 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.306 Tw (t question)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.9179 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.306 Tw (at least that sounds, as I recall,)Tj -15.3992 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (what President Carter asserted, and I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.8317 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t question that.)Tj -19.0357 -1.02 TD 0.216 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.4593 595 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 228.4269 595 Tm 0.216 Tw (. Right. Was that an accurate description of our)Tj -8.1427 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (position and concerns?)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.23 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.4096 574.6 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.6333 574.6 Tm 0.23 Tw (. INR)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.73 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.23 Tw (s position, which is the only one I can talk di-)Tj -8.5973 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (rectly to)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.8479 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -2.8479 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 554.2 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.7869 554.2 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Right.)Tj -6.9787 -1.02 TD 0.124 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.3496 544 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 206.5933 544 Tm 0.124 Tw ([continuing]. Is that we clearly)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.6998 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.124 Tw (I wouldn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.1979 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.124 Tw (t have men-)Tj -26.061 -1.02 TD 0.068 Tw (tioned it to you before in March. I wouldn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 19.7297 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.068 Tw (t be here today if I didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.2608 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (t)Tj -31.3985 -1.02 TD 0.11 Tw (believe that we had good evidence to suggest that there was some-)Tj T* 0.232 Tw (thing to be concerned and worried about. Is it the No. 1 danger)Tj T* 0.222 Tw (posed to the United States? Do you go home and worry about it)Tj T* 0.178 Tw (every night and can)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.7009 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.178 Tw (t sleep? No, it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.8499 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.178 Tw (s not at the top of my priority)Tj -16.9588 -1.02 TD 0.078 Tw (list in terms of the greatest threats posed to the United States, but)Tj T* 0 Tw (that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.945 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s my intelligence judgment.)Tj -1.149 -1.02 TD 0 Tw (I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.407 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.156 Tw (ve got a number of other things you want to worry about that)Tj -1.611 -1.02 TD 0 Tw (I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.407 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.072 Tw (d like to add to the list. It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.2848 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.072 Tw (s on my list. It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 6.9559 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.072 Tw (s something that I think)Tj -20.2597 -1.02 TD 0.056 Tw (that the committee and certainly my bosses in the executive branch)Tj T* 0.076 Tw (need to know about, and I certainly don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.8677 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.076 Tw (t quarrel with them saying)Tj -19.0717 -1.02 TD 0.244 Tw (that they are concerned about it in their public statements. But)Tj T* 0 Tw (that)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.945 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.088 Tw (s about as best I can do in terms of Carl Ford and INR)Tj /F18 1 Tf 26.2026 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.088 Tw (s view.)Tj -27.5556 -1.02 TD 0.28 Tw (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.0993 401.2 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 229.0669 401.2 Tm 0.28 Tw (. You)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.651 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.28 Tw (ve been very diplomatic in many respects)Tj -11.0617 -1.02 TD 0.3 Tw (here and I will just state my impression is that the President,)Tj T* 0.262 Tw (former President Carter)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.7078 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.262 Tw (s, statements are inconsistent with your)Tj -11.9118 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (testimony on March 19 before this committee. But I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.2876 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (ll not make you)Tj -24.4916 -1.02 TD (have to)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.4229 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -2.4229 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 350.2 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 350.2 Tm 0.052 Tw (. He probably would say that, too.)Tj -4.4853 -1.02 TD (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 340 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.7869 340 Tm 0.052 Tw (. OK. Well, good, fine.)Tj -6.9787 -1.02 TD (Thank you.)Tj T* (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 319.6 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 319.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you.)Tj -6.6051 -1.02 TD (Senator A)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 203.8193 309.4 Tm 0 Tw (LLEN)Tj 10 0 0 10 226.7869 309.4 Tm 0.052 Tw (. No further questions.)Tj -6.9787 -1.02 TD 1.156 Tw (Senator N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 215.7893 299.2 Tm 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 244.6848 299.2 Tm 1.156 Tw (. Mr. President)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.2749 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1.408 0 TD 1.156 Tw (Mr. President.)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.8409 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 1.156 Tw [( Mr.)]TJ -28.7002 -1.02 TD 0 Tw (Chairman)Tj /F18 1 Tf 4.7039 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -3.7039 -1.02 TD 0.052 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 278.8 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 278.8 Tm 0.052 Tw (. That has a nice ring to it.)Tj -6.6051 -1.02 TD (Senator N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.7493 268.6 Tm 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.6448 268.6 Tm 0.052 Tw (. That does have a nice ring to it, doesn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.5637 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t it.)Tj -26.4322 -1.02 TD 0.208 Tw (May I divert here just a little bit because of the credentials of)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.216 Tw (our witness. We just passed a resolution sponsored by me out of)Tj T* 0.088 Tw (this committee a week and a half ago commending those brave sol-)Tj T* 0.152 Tw (diers in Cuba who have signed the petition on the Varela Project.)Tj T* 0.168 Tw (The question that often comes regarding those 11,000 brave souls)Tj T* 0.116 Tw (that put their name on a petition to Castro)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.7087 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.116 Tw (s government is, is the)Tj -20.9127 -1.02 TD 0.138 Tw (Castro government going to clamp down on them? One of the rea-)Tj T* 0.074 Tw (sons for us passing the Senate resolution was to try to draw all the)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (more attention, world attention, to their very courageous action.)Tj 1 -1.02 TD 0.076 Tw (Do you have any information with regard to any plans or any ac-)Tj -1 -1.02 TD 0.264 Tw (tions that the Castro government has taken or would be taking)Tj 0 -1.01 TD 0.052 Tw (against those citizens who signed the petition in Cuba?)Tj 1 -1.01 TD 0.1 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.1096 136.2 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.3333 136.2 Tm 0.1 Tw (. Senator, I share your concern. We are watching close-)Tj -5.5333 -1.01 TD 0.21 Tw (ly. At this point I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.9398 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.21 Tw (t know of any evidence that suggests that)Tj -11.1438 -1.01 TD 0.09 Tw (there has actually been a specific case of retaliation or punishment)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00046)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 160 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 162 0 obj << /Length 7006 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (43)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.168 Tw (or any impact. That doesn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.7478 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.168 Tw (t mean there hasn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.9679 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.168 Tw (t been or that there)Tj -22.1237 -1 TD 0 Tw (won)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.889 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t be. I just haven)Tj /F18 1 Tf 8.0239 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (t seen it yet.)Tj -9.3208 -1 TD 0.144 Tw (Senator N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.6693 626 Tm 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 234.5648 626 Tm 0.144 Tw (. What is it, as you observe the changing condi-)Tj -8.7565 -1 TD 0.242 Tw (tions internally in Cuba, that would suddenly allow this seed to)Tj T* 0.174 Tw (germinate and sprout where people would suddenly stand up and)Tj T* 0.194 Tw (defy the Cuban Government by, according to the Cuban constitu-)Tj T* 0.212 Tw (tion, coming forth and signing a petition, of which 10,000 names)Tj T* 0.166 Tw (were required, to put an issue in front of the National Assembly?)Tj T* 0.268 Tw (What is changing there that suddenly allowed that seed to ger-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (minate and sprout?)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.226 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.3696 545.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.5933 545.9999 Tm 0.226 Tw (. Well, I suspect that you know more, have forgotten)Tj -5.6593 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (more, than I know about Cuba. So I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.8487 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (m not)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.719 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf -18.7717 -1 TD 0.208 Tw (Senator N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 206.3093 525.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 235.2048 525.9999 Tm 0.208 Tw (. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.171 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.208 Tw (m interested in your observations from your)Tj -10.1955 -1 TD 0 Tw (world.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.15 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 184.6096 505.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 202.8333 505.9999 Tm 0.15 Tw (. But I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.3759 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.15 Tw (t find that all that surprising. One, it isn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.0367 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (t)Tj -31.404 -1 TD 0.242 Tw (the first time that people have taken great risk to speak out or)Tj T* 0.286 Tw (make a choice about what they thought was going on in Cuba.)Tj T* 0 Tw (They)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.315 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.156 Tw (ve been coming here, risking their lives, for as long as I can)Tj -2.519 -1 TD 0.098 Tw (remember. So that that was always a signal to me. When a person)Tj T* 0.154 Tw (will get on a boat that doesn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 14.0018 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.154 Tw (t float and set out across from Cuba)Tj -14.2058 -1 TD 0.158 Tw (to the United States, risking their and their family)Tj /F18 1 Tf 24.7676 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.158 Tw (s lives, it sug-)Tj -24.9716 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (gests to me that they really want to get here.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.064 Tw (Senator N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.8693 425.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.7648 425.9999 Tm 0.064 Tw (. I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.027 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.064 Tw (ll tell you what)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.1569 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.064 Tw (s different about that and this,)Tj -17.2684 -1 TD 0.204 Tw (though, is that this, they put their name on the line and they)Tj /F18 1 Tf 30.6556 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD (re)Tj -30.8596 -1 TD 0.23 Tw (staying in Cuba. In the situations you just described, people are)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (trying to flee.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.222 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.3296 386 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 203.5533 386 Tm 0.222 Tw (. I accept that, Senator. But I would make the argu-)Tj -5.6553 -1 TD 0.136 Tw (ment that the courage involved and the process, the thought proc-)Tj T* 0.172 Tw (ess, is not at all that different, because there)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.0087 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.172 Tw (s no guarantee that)Tj -22.2127 -1 TD 0.086 Tw (you can get out. You might be picked up by Cuban police or Cuban)Tj T* 0.054 Tw (Coast Guard and, if caught trying to escape, you)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.7487 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.054 Tw (re going to be pun-)Tj -22.9527 -1 TD 0 Tw (ished.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.124 Tw (I think the other part of it, though, is that I think that it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.7086 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.124 Tw (s very)Tj -28.9126 -1 TD 0.218 Tw (difficult over an extended period of time to keep people from ex-)Tj T* 0.236 Tw (pressing their political, social views; and that it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 23.6187 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.236 Tw (s not just Cuba.)Tj -23.8227 -1 TD 0 Tw (We)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.481 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.056 Tw (ve seen changes that we never would have imagined and the in-)Tj -1.685 -1 TD 0.06 Tw (telligence community didn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.3608 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.06 Tw (t pick up on in former Soviet Union, now)Tj -12.5648 -1 TD 0.222 Tw (Russia. But we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.4079 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.222 Tw (ve also seen changes throughout Eastern Europe,)Tj -7.6119 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (China, a lot of places that we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.7408 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (ve seen changes.)Tj -12.9448 -1 TD 0.174 Tw (So the notion that people in Cuba would be any different or be)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.198 Tw (any less willing to take and state their desire for democracy and)Tj T* 0.162 Tw (greater freedom doesn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 10.6378 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.162 Tw (t surprise me. But I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.7589 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.162 Tw (m not a Cuban expert.)Tj -20.8047 -1 TD 0.058 Tw (There may be a very good reason that an expert up here would say:)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (Oh, yeah, I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.3919 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.14 Tw (ve got this piece of evidence that says this is why this)Tj -5.5959 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (is happening now.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.154 Tw (I frankly did not react as it being something new and different.)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.096 Tw (I was a little surprised, but pleased, that this sort of approach had)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (emerged in Cuba.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.158 Tw (Senator N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 205.8093 165.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 234.7048 165.9999 Tm 0.158 Tw (. Well, I too was surprised, very pleased. If you)Tj -8.7705 -1 TD 0.256 Tw (see any evidence either that you can share publicly or privately)Tj T* 0.13 Tw (that in fact there is any retribution against these 11,000-plus cou-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (rageous souls, I want you to share that with me.)Tj 1 -1 TD (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 183.6296 125.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 201.8533 125.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Yes, sir, will do.)Tj -4.4853 -1 TD (Senator N)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.7493 115.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ELSON)Tj 10 0 0 10 233.6448 115.9999 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00047)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 163 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 165 0 obj << /Length 5743 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (44)Tj -14.344 -2 TD 0.052 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.3793 646 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.051 646 Tm 0.052 Tw (. Thank you, Senator Nelson.)Tj -6.6051 -1 TD 0.138 Tw (Now let me make a couple of closing observations if I can. First)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.122 Tw (of all, we appreciate your being here, Mr. Ford. Your statement at)Tj T* 0.228 Tw (the outset that obviously you deal with intelligence matters, Mr.)Tj T* 0.122 Tw (Bolton deals with policy)Tj /F18 1 Tf 11.4228 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.122 Tw (I presume the two of you have met from)Tj -12.4228 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (time to time with the Secretary simultaneously.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.28 Tw (Mr. F)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 185.9096 586 Tm 0 Tw (ORD)Tj 10 0 0 10 204.1333 586 Tm 0.28 Tw (. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 3.059 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.28 Tw (s not)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.521 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.28 Tw (in this case, I have met with the Sec-)Tj -12.4972 -1 TD 0.318 Tw (retary on this issue. I have met with Secretary Bolton on this)Tj T* 0.136 Tw (issue, but not together. The only time that Secretary Bolton and I)Tj T* 0.236 Tw (were together was we met once briefly with Secretary Armitage,)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (Secretary Bolton and myself, a week, 10 days ago.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.078 Tw (Senator D)Tj 8 0 0 7.6194 204.6393 535.9999 Tm 0 Tw (ODD)Tj 10 0 0 10 223.311 535.9999 Tm 0.078 Tw (. Well, the point I make is the one I did at the out-)Tj -7.6311 -1 TD 0.176 Tw (set, and that is I want to express again my disappointment here.)Tj T* 0.286 Tw (I appreciate your being here, but Mr. Bolton is the Under Sec-)Tj T* 0.056 Tw (retary. This is a)Tj /F18 1 Tf 7.5399 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD (it)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.704 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.056 Tw (s not about the personalities on this committee.)Tj -9.4479 -1 TD 0 Tw (It)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.796 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.232 Tw (s this committee, the Foreign Relations Committee of the U.S.)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.14 Tw (Senate, and when an Under Secretary makes a speech to a )Tj /F18 1 Tf 28.9516 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD (polit-)Tj -29.3596 -1 TD (ical)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.63 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.408 0 TD 0.136 Tw [( organization here in town and then refuses or is told he can-)]TJ -2.038 -1 TD 0.104 Tw (not come to testify before a standing committee of the Congress on)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (the subject matter of that speech, it is terribly disappointing.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0 Tw (That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 2.223 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.206 Tw (s unhealthy in this country. There is a responsibility that)Tj -3.427 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (the executive branch owes to the legislative branch, with our over-)Tj T* 0.174 Tw (sight responsibilities, to appear before us and to respond to ques-)Tj T* 0.136 Tw (tions that are raised. If it was comfortable enough for him to sub-)Tj T* 0.14 Tw (mit his remarks to the intelligence group department at the State)Tj T* 0.224 Tw (Department and then give a speech that received wide publicity,)Tj T* 0.138 Tw (and then not be allowed to come before this subcommittee, that is)Tj T* 0.18 Tw (deeply disturbing to me. Beyond the specifics here, that is deeply)Tj T* 0 Tw (disturbing.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.302 Tw (I understand the Secretary is prepared to testify and, if nec-)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.19 Tw (essary, have Mr. Bolton come up. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.9747 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.19 Tw (s a rather long, circuitous)Tj -19.1787 -1 TD 0.054 Tw (route. It would have been just as easy for him to be here this morn-)Tj T* 0.254 Tw (ing to go over this, to respond to the questions. So I wanted to)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (make that point again to you.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (Second, I think it is)Tj /F18 1 Tf 9.5049 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.112 Tw (I am sorry my colleague from Virginia has)Tj -11.5048 -1 TD 0.226 Tw (left because I wanted to make this statement in his presence as)Tj T* 0.11 Tw (well. I happen to believe that most people admire immensely what)Tj T* 0.292 Tw (President Carter did by going down to Cuba and giving a very)Tj T* 0.068 Tw (blunt and frank talk in the presence of Fidel Castro and the Cuban)Tj T* 0.202 Tw (people, given a unique opportunity not allowed to any Cuban, by)Tj T* 0.234 Tw (the way, to express their views on national television and radio,)Tj T* 0.112 Tw (when he called for democracy in that country, when he specifically)Tj T* 0.232 Tw (referred to the Valera group that my colleague from Florida has)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (mentioned, and their rights.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.194 Tw (That is the first time that a person of that level and rank has)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.09 Tw (gone down and used the opportunity in a public forum that he was)Tj T* 0.184 Tw (given to really be of a very honest and frank expression, I think,)Tj T* 0.2 Tw (of the views of many Americans. Whatever else we may disagree)Tj T* 0.22 Tw (about here, none of us harbor anything but a fervent desire and)Tj T* 0.212 Tw (hope that the Cuban people be free, and they are not free. They)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (live under a dictator. That)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.3948 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.052 Tw (s the long and the short of it.)Tj -11.5988 -1 TD 0.186 Tw (Your characterization I think is accurate in the sense that this)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.142 Tw (is a far lower priority for all the obvious reasons we don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 27.2866 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.142 Tw (t need to)Tj -27.4906 -1 TD 0.178 Tw (go into, than other places around the world that pose a threat to)Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g 0 Tw [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00048)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6602)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 166 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 168 0 obj << /Length 3618 >> stream BT /F22 1 Tf 10 0 0 10 300.44 666 Tm 0 g /GS2 gs 0 Tc 0 Tw (45)Tj -15.344 -2 TD 0.238 Tw (us. And I think Senator Nelson is correct, there are some inter-)Tj 0 -1 TD 0.106 Tw (esting signs here. The question is whether or not we)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.0486 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.106 Tw (re going to be)Tj -25.2526 -1 TD 0.182 Tw (clever enough to pick up on those signs, to listen carefully to the)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (dissident community within Cuba.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.094 Tw (I have great admiration for those who have fled and placed their)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.118 Tw (lives on the line to come to this country. I have even a heightened)Tj T* 0.192 Tw (degree of admiration for those who are dissidents who decided to)Tj T* 0.178 Tw (stay. I say that with all due respect to those who have made the)Tj T* 0.106 Tw (decision to leave. But for those who)Tj /F18 1 Tf 16.9517 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.106 Tw (ve stayed and done the 20 and)Tj -17.1557 -1 TD 0.118 Tw (25 and 30 years in prison, we ought to listen carefully to their ad-)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (vice and counsel as to how to proceed.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.138 Tw (President Carter I think did a wonderful, wonderful job, and all)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.278 Tw (Americans, whether you agree with everything he said or every)Tj T* 0.114 Tw (comment made, I think he)Tj /F18 1 Tf 12.6238 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.114 Tw (s opened up some new opportunities for)Tj -12.8278 -1 TD 0.154 Tw (us here regarding change in Cuba that weren)Tj /F18 1 Tf 22.0787 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.154 Tw (t present otherwise.)Tj -21.2827 -1 TD 0.276 Tw (And I wasn)Tj /F18 1 Tf 5.8299 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.276 Tw (t going to say this, but since the characterization)Tj -7.0339 -1 TD 0.112 Tw (that he may have misspoke)Tj /F18 1 Tf 13.0988 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 1 0 TD 0.112 Tw (he was given information. He specifi-)Tj -14.0988 -1 TD 0.08 Tw (cally asked about whether or not there were particular problems in)Tj T* 0.09 Tw (this area. He was told there were not. I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 20.8677 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.09 Tw (t for a second question)Tj -21.0717 -1 TD 0.248 Tw (the veracity of President Jimmy Carter, and I don)Tj /F18 1 Tf 25.0776 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.248 Tw (t know many)Tj -25.2816 -1 TD 0.108 Tw (Americans who ever would. So when he had a briefing and he was)Tj T* 0.062 Tw (asked about concerns, he was told this matter did not come up, and)Tj T* 0.168 Tw (I take him at his word, and I believe that most Americans would)Tj T* 0.052 Tw (as well.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0 Tw (We)Tj /F18 1 Tf 1.481 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.236 Tw (re grateful for your testimony. And I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 18.2667 0 TD 0 Tw ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.236 Tw (d like to spend a few)Tj -21.1557 -1 TD 0.208 Tw (minutes with you in closed session to go over some of the issues)Tj T* 0.07 Tw (you could not, and rightfully could not, raise in a public forum, and)Tj T* 0 Tw (I)Tj /F18 1 Tf 0.407 0 TD ()Tj /F22 1 Tf 0.204 0 TD 0.136 Tw (d invite my colleague Senator Nelson to join us for that purpose.)Tj -0.611 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (The public session of this committee will stand adjourned.)Tj 1 -1 TD 0.166 Tw ([Whereupon, at 11:42 a.m., the subcommittee was adjourned, to)Tj -1 -1 TD 0.052 Tw (reconvene subject to the call of the Chair.])Tj /F24 1 Tf 18 0 0 18 300.96 327.9999 Tm 0 Tw ()Tj /F5 1 Tf 6.5 0 0 6.5 60 20 Tm 1 g [(VerDate 11-MAY-2000)-1076.9(14:53 Nov 04, 2002)-1076.9(Jkt 000000)-1076.9(PO 00000)-1076.9(Frm 00049)-1076.9(Fmt 6633)-1076.9(Sfmt 6011)-1076.9(82407)-1076.9(SFRELA1)-1076.9(PsN: SFRELA1)]TJ ET endstream endobj 169 0 obj << /ProcSet [/PDF /Text ] /Font << /F5 4 0 R /F18 18 0 R /F22 49 0 R /F24 170 0 R >> /ExtGState << /GS2 10 0 R >> >> endobj 9 0 obj << /Type /ExtGState /SA false /SM 0.02 /OP false /BG 12 0 R /UCR 13 0 R /TR /Identity >> endobj 10 0 obj << /Type /ExtGState /SA false /SM 0.02 /OP false /BG 12 0 R /UCR 14 0 R /TR /Identity >> endobj 171 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 737 /CapHeight 722 /Descent -205 /Flags 34 /FontBBox [-195 -250 1000 965] /FontName /HIHCGC+NewCenturySchlbk-Roman /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 92 /XHeight 464 /CharSet (/parenleft/nine/R/f/colon/S/parenright/h/acute/semicolon/U/i/endash/asterisk/g/V/j/tilde/k/K/W/comma/m/l/X/hyphen/o/Y/question/period/fraction/p/n/Z/P/slash/q/T/bracketleft/B/space/r/zero/A/C/one/s/bra\ cketright/a/D/two/t/G/three/x/u/H/N/I/E/four/v/J/F/dollar/five/w/quoteleft/L/percent/emdash/six/d/y/b/M/ampersand/z/seven/O/c/quoteright/eight/dotlessi/Q/e) /FontFile3 172 0 R >> endobj 172 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 10484 /Subtype /Type1C >> stream HtSiTSgא1xĽhё`+2B!;7;š%V`[BttsZ=.8љ3ss?Pab ss2IErv0Eg7~C.:lcc6"FDҖ?1 gXMk^[ 1anǎw # DY"Q/I%|AN!_R y9^H"Iw] b*Y?#\tT:5Nq ]x±LnqQJwMlps]txmt>A~!,jb~v(Ո˱ԊtQ&!K3Anpυ.2=YΪ3I8YGoYS'oq]}&б=.O x㸻ɠ> EE)U|QOs ,8 StPw>K>"!N]H[@ 3Რfs|INxzĮ=뱔Σ"kOFS;QzVD *%Sɢ|?=j7!t?Pjl)Tf;sФ{- J&;'/M8$0wTz%xPX\ * 8\ufa%6izױNN*ٳ80@`Q +|G  ~a |A$6Z7%\ӮaNʼnnfLӑ/> y A<$HH}:ҽ^g`*Z TZ V7Hݪnim`ZF:)JsE(j5F.fsqvX \Wҥj:2^^"R)Ԋ2JkcvCdck?b]XC\V]]# ̡Db{+fe Zީ}<Πt:Qc Zf m6}Ix,iuPaЅ5>jYmZvCw9;Qv=m+幺(XMŭiqcFR&6CHd5ZBp}чyPFЇٱK$aX(uUUcQg)#M JQFmuYaT, 9 #c G 5UH8+ EBQ- Jy:5Lbt3Oޛpm;4߼pk O)G)Os{oۃ<ߩDPo=nX,cI8D}8ͨ3rM^ ^'Ω;G CzMH>–*"dQodٳ H{$uJ֢1m:n!Fō٩qR ,EZq!vp: x3DCeUY YoFB[ؗ^:zLzBrHF/U)BK_q]QMY']qaumŷ*ծj{v+*gx$A"$yL"^HT">Ggkujn g8{Gmg̙9{{?C;  } ۗ0 d#]ab-6e+w=x der@$y10">y>~n+.X*griZݕ?iZU .0,Mu7/I"Pd:pm}Mt5 4cq8]>?wX,5Hpoח\gD@B~r7#$` s9(F5 |Bk?q@wd*s;RqG,7w82-C]I5řn~%xKV͊3Y9tۛ;\Y׽T;KFt0ZYW5-nrlV+z`QtC;txx2nI Q IP6|b7BI'#'ڎʤG2`:Jt+zzU`WlGlA6{yHQW}[E_;48r!2`ëGqE[Ocgc,{34A |Bn-³9#i=^ɶL lmv_ Ü)x1+ҥI,iĊs%U!M #GDg'>Ł{4HݗȄk=#R2wtq|(>=wŽՁ2, o)Llxeݛon ^ 7{ ~$ٴ07%C)x0|,GCDLg3kSiɄ*9@SV>˖fgy 2X$>k5kv6np 8Հ]$EpJdS4ff뤗oj=}p aqtT7?_&G|~2::":__JE_` L0wa)}6 yre\"HEG330;\.ҡsc+ihd%CeEP$mnއ`dILo=l8~ylTbT)JJGv{GTmM+G|>N"8OKڪMgťsf3(ןr'c% fgA߇gŇ͘!Q&o؃G8-0zFWWWԘI^Fg82JCYk~.6K=;,!ÂKN?ăhtdD.qfmǬVbp\%";Vj_3MM2^Ê~.Gq9?I>h>?"{˺+z{L&/ժ7e*v&R*4:Q1 Hf$j+TqwmJI^B\ȏ^+lAvӾWwR;Ys@ ¦o2^lr$]9Vܲ~J];~1iSA^WQ}pUð GYd MGyAOoOVpm\PPϤJ2u)QH{Rn $pUxu]` I'$oU\܊L38]6 [ZוR7r;pmlR&?\:uR.$`zyEFJ1+2:~EX"^l]]cfj4e!ԤN**LX$ ۠u?c4W+ qQ5A(k)UIWNLhb\8t:D=C7umHkbCpK"rػ߆Rb$N,#o˸԰P Nw@Q ]?yfaH +V[oo- a+еp#MX{=CZrT ?wG"tf76jր cZ->ӂyHSC* n:$^$2=&$HIiC0Kbl6oc[FlIoemȶo` N$CB'!PIʄ&܍;\3 R])Qap`=O^F9EB| -U.W I*&PV+7@ʌ'D(v,ĝt)#Kn9L ʀ ^/xf`{(eIsiM $*\(e\4q}88D(obʮT&-5\(^bK>0tfga7C<~?Kl&bg<ǖ&9Z50F#%e! )24Gއ=0qmrr!B(m_ۢʪ8VSͳ4)-16V Z鼦 Sg|({D9F#&k5@^>E7d3qG&N41snaaqKAnܶx c-O7A)Wrl}޲03*5eq) :^:5SlKuEIr%o517*IBJ2 (_+ ^l:+X*:/ V?5߻#jm~[]~i~ɍgVG @桭>W넉Mzd&\}2u!/|Chl}q*;D;s$W O ltTcvWPJM:ܤ:s[p 5˓!iי,z {W]qx_RX>P~G / &;&/㶻<1mFn%b|MhIc}\ŃLD=^gn<bЃ` ~&[bH" 1&Ph*.O1$)w&]a'g_S>)V v `^x{@ DFU.i9 8i؉a1̤JЩ#C]ɡ𼕲RV;>~\nц5/PD/3)}UٵtI|BV1<JZ`.x{#o>tjRFX^SK?w/:7E{5ɡg]f̚Xk5u!;B!Aap4ЭT⪪B2h*aZnߚgo|𫻊? LѓZ?GM)BPe<~0ʹzZM犹b4m^*CnMoEj$D1)K g3qmnZtDiT:4_Wb*Uq1"nn -Q^ 꺍Aᖸun-$"-? 3U9tit"=tl^ gf"ts; b_:i`p\#V~,*a54K&HWW+UcnJ|6}7,i"*}p۔` cOI.H"P| Fc~ҿrz%IDE;׾3MiAl Udo璛&yG?8rUJ˳IQ1L#)]?qleh. z;aXurиr'Ŋdg_t<$!;\iZ25.VSН9]Bކ`WMa,' ZZu56yxl3}ijJi LN&-:O$-=T[ܮKN9~崻?DR^VT֨3dn.>s8˹]zFzp&ȉfP uޯ'{WO)\#(s(;^GkuQ]`-'U.DFd+nIq˝ |j$ zNԝfkwtv k 8G-sU*U nA= ²up_ lؔ{&K4o+Xn5/FM\d;kW*MoNd#x P]q_pPkwv"|~Js(Kggi;˴Qg_\vH#2c1SHeG|+\y >|()qXz~.9l.zk@|-xZ/gs?tڪFq;E݇@G{i~xf/#e541ܮH}}@~ "=RlkZY +ld.: bZG+;]5(R-e/庮g3'p!~6Kf,&| 9EL[yZ|;}aj5Irfpȳl#&LF&}xxuҊ6e3}msgY< VAK!il(O0V+0.{Vޔ?&JANQwX&3QӐLgƯ.l.zeG3i2yRu& %G UaǰO+;#dd ءG&=g4sYR#KsĘun: 畆ߌzg>45 isDӝʙo}tl\.>h͟. *3o3p#89Xe@: W-(nҥ]=9II*;R[ȟ5Lfs nx>|'ވPj.O6}4w0"AeU"5l!y]$E,j|*er4S[` i& }2|ї 2bA6w6As->cBMYg_<>Gl~3.CvbhqMDmȫ%qR>o2HXoJЕi2qlFkmY z1#gQ\ |@2(ȯ~!h xۼ'&Xif /)祴exƐ:ً|=arv?EA'hdU\9BcA'FD66U4^>_UNJReX}M{NGA3k ]A R6f$4 ,կ,|+'9OgsU@ ^uv=أ6u4P'gIl.ZK5A-?$xˆ0A>ZMy6MO.j&Upkn],.,@-{_Pgo2K7c9G` j0.#Qrtn0v)H]֢ UL n->sZڌ:{}!iŎ@gjo20UxF1)K';.g6e2|I=xO["|G;I v_5 :VnRb䫙#eYl?c endstream endobj 173 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 710 /CapHeight 703 /Descent -218 /Flags 262178 /FontBBox [-176 -232 1194 948] /FontName /HIHDPK+Cheltenham-Bold /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 158 /XHeight 485 /CharSet (/T/A/O/B/colon/C/R/N/E/S/G/U/I/quoteright/space/P/F/W/L/question) /FontFile3 174 0 R >> endobj 174 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1808 /Subtype /Type1C >> stream HlT PT!JܻQLbHXQX+t CVÕ6*35<D!": ܅c|5::iu&n 28;}ι*JT*)ʴek*nȒ;=ok(LQ4"ro=o"y/-X=󣉖[S3zu:VUƞ$9>{>]_dKϲr;QE[~zQvA~Ud/Lϴ/`x=}Q8"EQ"E)jzCM5zґSjJCPG\C6^3y}Oۮ.0F]qJ ǿWtԕ_ CyI)voOIthmtGVNNWK㏃֒$b6Y-}fOIR?{ Fi7(dct&p@ /Z6f=翐8ZG?/Q!N' s@\:vaXQ6 KӒ~!#=xXQZyJ^I.**mUұ"IM$` mGۏ8hqwxn =9NsBF| |?f_t&Æ$a 򇕵R-}p쟣X zv&9I9Gb; {ܢKwj2\ٶErM]_IJn#|+ |24 cgG%Xo+eafx}YʲRqLR6#Qx2MYZ`Y䚈/ n)z0)A<7s 5y/c^S0?^LHE?:OjziY||`% 4'}9Y,|vr"` =ݹ"WY,'*GeSD ?݁oa]Pxit0wW:C$1``A3u2&ަ؛!Ech_E endstream endobj 175 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 661 /CapHeight 666 /Descent -207 /Flags 6 /FontBBox [-135 -236 1163 936] /FontName /HIHENI+DeVinne /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 67 /XHeight 419 /CharSet (/T/H/A/O/B/C/R/D/comma/N/E/S/G/U/I/space/P/F/W/L/M) /FontFile3 176 0 R >> endobj 176 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 1845 /Subtype /Type1C >> stream HtT PWGFtĨT4Bdq\BjƑEF T\3(2Q 0N&nK'.ITn3fL©W޻s﹏NMӃfV8/QHnNIfw6nή(b9?grgA0`pEB9іgHm| EP̔(W2Sʇʣ҉%N{LM LM&bg`Jrhw烳YK{U4Y4[B?:o^3|viOOd!, ށӐ{h&KZI͛bSDeV",-_ ƇE85f\_BZή9+Z:J+.2dBC{}Ve\E`~eY6#G Ω0ʂoexܯxnW_,b0wU%P7i&ю&YgEqbJY>: Fk~קUɕ)f!Ǖ.s zq^~۾JptrR[A&8x\^f7!yehz [hBl#˺A=::bCˑPF&6pNόޑd R*݉9wDXм6K")hKxw^/CcIq7-$0Q;Bט! M=auonqZK&H]Vs:l:?_n%+棉"oSKR phQHٔ+YR+3 mǚ:3% 6x1)jMkߏFO{)ȎU;?+ GnJ@Ĕ#LàzYe,1* AG?KmXfto58Vw2mۼ1RXm[|[;!H<3c& I!SgAqjN~R~g=[ ._pBdma햸x(}Qa*T;@QU{a#7+*Ѹ`SHGm]EK'BXuZ9;kRg(ړo+{7 endstream endobj 177 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 687 /CapHeight 703 /Descent -201 /Flags 6 /FontBBox [0 -200 1013 800] /FontName /HIHFGP+AGsddV01 /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 42 /XHeight 702 /CharSet (/parenleft) /FontFile3 178 0 R >> endobj 178 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 838 /Subtype /Type1C >> stream H a0p1uݲhM沄lYuٴ#%T/7I+q5l$e[-aZQAw`N [|}OjZYf=n?M(6)'Έ4)l`z)avM蟛psznX0)?6k:rS,GuA zUdk,X) b@0k/ !C睛LI#{5djSi\Ji^殺ܝ!ۊID3uc_/SG '). Bz&\iy>fǗdfY[Fg,5^$ ~B~v;O1fB7ܥ~½ LOՖMl70? zS\EB%BNE'[4wTGD#ZL0sN#ymtj Zmt-ɜJDo(tSE]P6t endstream endobj 179 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 737 /CapHeight 722 /Descent -205 /Flags 98 /FontBBox [-166 -250 994 958] /FontName /HIHHAF+NewCenturySchlbk-Italic /ItalicAngle -16 /StemV 80 /XHeight 466 /CharSet (/z/n/one/A/k/O/ampersand/quoteright/m/two/x/o/R/p/E/S/acute/T/q/U/g/B/emdash/r/space/six/b/V/C/s/a/W/c/seven/D/l/comma/t/X/e/G/hyphen/u/H/Y/f/I/nine/v/period/Z/colon/h/P/F/w/slash/d/i/L/y/N/zero/M) /FontFile3 180 0 R >> endobj 180 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 8418 /Subtype /Type1C >> stream HtSkTSW&W ܫ>hWQ.룈@  wCPP^^L+%HG]uFgZk: t:qMY;; 1= аݿ: N h*}(196i}F,j t@nv/p`19+9^Mp|mT!by9l /n^fĄB$$jkDo7lݲiݫ'#jX懥*\%Ԉ󃓓E*Zѷ4Yiryr\ėBF%˄$t>)pA2|CPF- jbyhߟ^=QR `yVcѩMǨeoJ>5xn:5s3sKi`-y`w=e ɅQª䪯 ;6W7)YZ.OO`΋0Ep]zTYl)oveU5!'8gNz[/A3Pa1 J={{Ŕl%j(NVUC뱶H(nN#t=]8`"k*Gb7p5Dqoð !-M:eH]fǞ^?&Qzi+?p9^ Ϸ|Qe+X}(j84+ Ƙ WYtkkwA9]Ȅ"R Ux=0xD.zxyEnvW_!bQ)d%Bhy]"'lW[F7kI}yOu[e F16}46K`.5`YlsALf]Z֨*~ |kh(j[{ ZVc^ZJ&MJm<\A K3gj+n}^ q=FeגR7;n)n<$F:n܉4ߜ~`5~ELϾ>Je@4}R)V v$ŝ qh) Z ֔N=P= F`[x-EEm)&&ɐo2fS9PGR4 mSiMt7MifJ3I) i((؀ l|Cd]$KڕVaIdْ%_rlB ;;@hZ4M:4 OU;ݕcg;yyOb+kߥ{hM`vjGiFԝk- L[x(| @}vEYva/~VL]Msq4E0~ ENOԍ ӪjI xRWzAEn&qt4B:c> lRx"&I"Ӟ&`LN,lyl49`iZ"jriOd`PR2ѼhcM;hKonzWYO:)dՂ,̃jMH8Ia)U71ny./pC[:E@s:l6gUi/$ AC H6@.E`7~&NC[uq(^H$&2jh4Q7@8g8&K)?s!;ѬJN!,V qS.rip91h`y]}uUU5.@m%~e%2LS)LzC>őCy)luuHŲH"]iMRg;tRmXcW5G> &6̅r,'!j  f(FVNvV[]I#Fg5j]~ VF+JW orBV E35LD"Eq4Li=|zCyENOؽ` l\;@d`ow;X K}t i=ktk-<η|:>Bd܊|[_u!ҊcQT/6\,2a 9srdH/)|/WT2ZW2?=-Zot^|G,m ? `꾺DmQs$TNRN[ƷuZx{> | :='J6 kE\Gp3a?o#*l' ; v|̳vpI~dvvzxjq]0[.c6Z~ oɒE3g/TX6w[:Pq|+,lWcU%cV[_^%v//Z0)^dgH0ub[?i:b9 / O4)>uDX)*WKrbiqZ!1oŌlp%h {xhHͦ' SVc;YMZ&[.O_#O.u&(Cx/ Mc,]Od3Ҍ!f;jf7 \M\g<6;B)дI!- cmɖ|KukV+Y$$[e$ٖAl0bGH5 a Nʴo3t ~o.4L"(J!?Yzi&1D&FX柎; BwOl{@7-w8HhG ;>9xb޵Q³jEӄ2]XOݸXn{ "/2^t;qnf.ˣp)3G Jb6jʦ?M[4xj86M& M`>Spc 3c2hZ-͈?嚀OM \^t=6%TXAmuz]qAa}=~a:>mUkIХI x35LCqQiEQV*O :9k"H@l`ȏKc FFTۻn-+nL?x Y}u&}B9E/=a}y>\  eE{[76r>B'gQ0T d.¬]1x6Tt::cݡk.dtRf?re0P?"f-aQIn!G_pG,0@bO9"Rނv01}%Y(C2d92x3'Ν{^\;psPgrXoht,FfH.qwc6*"$ )z#H0(PIR6R"A{_ߋ.xh[68jBu}m{rᒮXX=4r wm$U9IL&u^;TiQ`FVAa …aaϡ3GLQcɻEBsFPcٌ}\?e){ЊL/(TiaJtCf dg}jWA$z4r W![\?uee>P6 wٹoœ_}{G/2e]x2(.>\U#C,進1^{ ~ 2zd'o_nLf 76 4 chDJ :aVg63rzbH*j¶I$ֿ_ ,S\O]NpEKBwMndCkxqk3qmw1N@$BQ7ZZ0CӤ3uz9\9xG`]qm'`1Z! a"= \ؐM³eɽ^ d*#RX7XAyF`#-1>;73ߨз(Fk{O+k I $auҒZVI0K'u{ݤR42JR\&h4Jj"˿==xƻ&|c{;w4@cEѪ\hb㊼vȦw zQzC1A8IZH.VO8Na0! 7D&:J(R^Q-V$CSwʑr6T"d!g壸I ) " 'o'3ۜa׊p'ANkL.уL&#=~4喵bM 3dL~^3J֯cjT'aXۢ378=r2n_:KE J*0F$J~\p1 #e`E.;u:(;wtFns;u+%ju&Qv/Tm7U+z's?emѤpb v+fW*H%42w.;8AU-3z &TzH&o@4NmP:[=}~.dFE;zy͸(iIø@ڞmWځK( ֓z _ܯy5w}Ѻ/Th j2X8$S;jnof,qRp(c3fĢYHd"zCգqrw}x Sf T.g3LΎZ ))T|!/ a ʛRF,? bgsou<۹TC2da>)oڳњTxo`Q^_ {pl ͂Cٜxw9, wڣ+KϠҨa PC$ܹ҆rn'j+>VHJ8BtrŽ)O|GZ',c>;WܻޠSg3sW`FJ:-Z^1c< ˡe -N6Q,>K<9Z1fESShymPZKkGs۱twƊvTw]zuoMmBb K`o A&C - 3êJi<\l^X7s\14uϫo4mnam>I$΂na&zV9ZȽ F":6Uە J0Ġ2ZcԖFLݺ"tsY8pi Ăq_^Hy%8bDz,Nu[ŧ:ztpJY!Zm' ϖ"JH#D.N]C1- $1]c M`> endobj 182 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 4068 /Subtype /Type1C >> stream HtiTY+$`VtxqATNB,$lI*Tք& B# [i3jgQ|m9-<3'޽wǁ "jTԑ}ˋvէYҜ5R6Pȷ[ør_`fcy}SܜL|/xqŻ@<tݺk׭۲[QQfgfUm[7~qo%"d 8Qy*b~BYPJrZ%sUR+ ( M&Xl"WP*BBFOKݹAd6dW˦'3O .&s +nADMfطLf֐8>Yd()TiTz3W=z{l[*gFl]^~x⤼DU.*ع~UcS j~w5G}I~;r>?||w Mjje Qzte!W&uO&ՄV + #\.hfĿs,96R]j@ aad!̫6tzԓ:68 QW}͎x{/5yܓg=l8Si[),1Eg̀ GP;LIj< O\ׂ_ Ls2vƾFyө]Xo|RLSUYbؠlfb$6aElfŬ9kNKz\mqFQO5c)0uڤ9LىY/vtx` ;=&$I vmh^r@*R޾ C^AA[z0PaxvmmiY鲲RUC^zQtK5^gE/yg #^倅`0c\0MvԷbno@_ԉjHB$Obɪx#,!0p6Ixͥ؅,e+5`lP'X/guaqٰX~Ilh5XI@`k5UQ:P "jpIw&"̓BG%grMrAi~t3gw BZ2#"B?FVw^?BA "~c ?e鍽xƅq̔~rhR35( U!/4y}l7ݼ2> jo1l@5 6} /k1Ukਠjqat]{m(4yY9O򫁃vs,۬Vjd^eFdXxE6i)D[xhSzCxzVS๘_*/@*p=FB ra{otK5֙TdJ5ZH4s6TTTL,_F/XM\w.-4 jLKSh04BH Ʋ-Ka]{KeY+Ye_ic{H”NHLigҦUM:;߾@!V椉z=$TGm%}!B6UJ&͆ =˧~O+'n^eFFSx/I)%BaWi,V¿UEی^kI5a;btm?q|pGi0@O~€ .r]`PWCS j&GMt}edƌslWKXZh}(1߅J`^*4hNIU3IRrQKp۽=!S3 xdEݢ\}= a([DB$& fsebZ *yN f."iQj&Їr 1Af,x\KoF 5Z?HLeOgr10M<fbv_CίR* (ULuĜ$r0@rOr Vh8rtZt[͡ԫEk^ߜ1)>wq{/>6two9ADC$Ԓ[i1,RYuI[)v .*ۼ 2 RKٓOI-)5C+L^×U5Ŭ͕oh<F{׶/!AR38}LF1P^2g0:in.# <Մv{=}lPAB;PTT M%m5t'w,L|f>@h>)v(sYwMc=|OL 54 +$)t%TA}1Z38ckR?4͖  x -D{Bf{]jkZg "r,x$5WSGJyKT]F R}c !$%Uo'Q2+;ޔznw_I`FӿGQkzƅjJۮ2 HiYFV[ak92-Q VHľ4@j*BAt?2HB:i2HVak! #V?wkߢ2buQa&#Sӎ^P3|UgpH9AVHyc\]~R[gV>:jlU $KF!W) Y [ E$Ie1J H3Bμh 8W0hOOE)C@{rl?_P(Bgȇs+w*+k?Q>XʠQDFؖ x7u>} ~ހqB8evֻ,p-|T|AWl֑lDRW`v1#; в,= endstream endobj 183 0 obj << /Type /FontDescriptor /Ascent 724 /CapHeight 806 /Descent 8 /Flags 6 /FontBBox [0 0 530 650] /FontName /HIILMF+BGsddV01 /ItalicAngle 0 /StemV 42 /XHeight 725 /CharSet (/AE) /FontFile3 184 0 R >> endobj 184 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 205 /Subtype /Type1C >> stream Hbd`ad`dduvr/NI 30Yg!Ciqߒ> endobj 5 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [278 296 389 556 556 833 815 204 333 333 500 606 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 606 606 606 444 737 722 722 722 778 722 667 778 833 407 556 778 667 944 815 778 667 778 722 630 667 815 722 981 704 704 611 333 606 333 606 500 333 556 556 444 574 500 333 537 611 315 296 593 315 889 611 500 574 556 444 463 389 611 537 778 537 537 481 333 606 333 606 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 204 204 0 0 0 556 1000 333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 556 556 0 0 0 0 0 737 0 0 0 333 0 0 0 606 0 0 333 611 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /HIHCGC+NewCenturySchlbk-Roman /FontDescriptor 171 0 R >> endobj 6 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [280 340 333 574 560 820 820 241 340 340 600 560 280 240 280 380 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 560 280 280 560 560 560 500 747 720 660 660 720 600 540 760 780 340 540 680 560 860 700 780 640 780 680 540 620 680 660 980 660 680 600 360 560 360 560 500 380 540 620 500 620 540 340 540 620 320 260 580 320 880 620 580 600 620 440 440 340 600 560 800 560 560 500 389 560 389 560 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 280 0 560 560 0 0 0 0 0 747 0 0 0 240 0 0 0 560 0 0 0 600 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /HIHDPK+Cheltenham-Bold /FontDescriptor 173 0 R >> endobj 7 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 1 /LastChar 21 /Widths [581 743 704 639 694 830 385 662 697 259 750 887 687 796 644 259 655 748 676 694 659 ] /Encoding 185 0 R /BaseFont /HIHENI+DeVinne /FontDescriptor 175 0 R /ToUnicode 186 0 R >> endobj 8 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 1 /LastChar 1 /Widths [1023 ] /Encoding 187 0 R /BaseFont /HIHFGP+AGsddV01 /FontDescriptor 177 0 R /ToUnicode 188 0 R >> endobj 18 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 247 /Widths [278 296 389 556 556 833 815 204 333 333 500 606 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 606 606 606 444 737 722 722 722 778 722 667 778 833 407 556 778 667 944 815 778 667 778 722 630 667 815 722 981 704 704 611 333 606 333 606 500 333 556 556 444 574 500 333 537 611 315 296 593 315 889 611 500 574 556 444 463 389 611 537 778 537 537 481 333 606 333 606 278 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 556 556 0 0 0 0 0 737 0 333 0 278 0 0 278 606 278 278 0 611 278 278 278 278 278 0 0 278 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 278 278 0 0 0 278 0 0 0 0 0 556 1000 0 0 204 204 0 278 0 0 167 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 0 0 0 315 0 333 ] /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding /BaseFont /HIHCGC+NewCenturySchlbk-Roman /FontDescriptor 171 0 R >> endobj 19 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [278 333 400 556 556 833 852 278 333 333 500 606 278 333 278 606 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 606 606 606 444 747 704 722 722 778 722 667 778 833 407 611 741 667 944 815 778 667 778 741 667 685 815 704 926 704 685 667 333 606 333 606 500 333 574 556 444 611 444 333 537 611 333 315 556 333 889 611 500 574 556 444 444 352 611 519 778 500 500 463 333 606 333 606 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 204 0 0 0 0 1000 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278 0 556 556 0 0 0 0 0 747 0 0 0 333 0 0 0 606 0 0 333 611 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /HIHHAF+NewCenturySchlbk-Italic /FontDescriptor 179 0 R >> endobj 29 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [287 296 333 574 574 833 852 241 389 389 500 606 278 333 278 278 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 278 278 606 606 606 500 747 759 778 778 833 759 722 833 870 444 648 815 722 981 833 833 759 833 815 667 722 833 759 981 722 722 667 389 606 389 606 500 333 611 648 556 667 574 389 611 685 370 352 667 352 963 685 611 667 648 519 500 426 685 611 889 611 611 537 389 606 389 606 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 241 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 287 0 574 574 0 0 0 0 0 747 0 0 0 333 0 0 0 606 0 0 0 685 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /HIHHPF+NewCenturySchlbk-Bold /FontDescriptor 181 0 R >> endobj 42 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [287 296 333 574 574 833 852 241 389 389 500 606 278 333 278 278 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 574 278 278 606 606 606 500 747 759 778 778 833 759 722 833 870 444 648 815 722 981 833 833 759 833 815 667 722 833 759 981 722 722 667 389 606 389 606 500 333 611 648 556 667 574 389 611 685 370 352 667 352 963 685 611 667 648 519 500 426 685 611 889 611 611 537 389 606 389 606 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 574 574 287 287 287 287 287 747 287 287 287 287 287 287 287 606 287 287 287 685 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /HIHHPF+NewCenturySchlbk-Bold /FontDescriptor 181 0 R >> endobj 49 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [278 296 389 556 556 833 815 204 333 333 500 606 278 333 278 278 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 606 606 606 444 737 722 722 722 778 722 667 778 833 407 556 778 667 944 815 778 667 778 722 630 667 815 722 981 704 704 611 333 606 333 606 500 333 556 556 444 574 500 333 537 611 315 296 593 315 889 611 500 574 556 444 463 389 611 537 778 537 537 481 333 606 333 606 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 556 556 278 278 278 278 278 737 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 606 278 278 278 611 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /HIHCGC+NewCenturySchlbk-Roman /FontDescriptor 171 0 R >> endobj 95 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 32 /LastChar 181 /Widths [278 333 400 556 556 833 852 278 333 333 500 606 278 333 278 606 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 556 278 278 606 606 606 444 747 704 722 722 778 722 667 778 833 407 611 741 667 944 815 778 667 778 741 667 685 815 704 926 704 685 667 333 606 333 606 500 333 574 556 444 611 444 333 537 611 333 315 556 333 889 611 500 574 556 444 444 352 611 519 778 500 500 463 333 606 333 606 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 556 556 278 278 278 278 278 747 278 278 278 278 278 278 278 606 278 278 278 611 ] /Encoding /WinAnsiEncoding /BaseFont /HIHHAF+NewCenturySchlbk-Italic /FontDescriptor 179 0 R >> endobj 170 0 obj << /Type /Font /Subtype /Type1 /FirstChar 1 /LastChar 1 /Widths [560 ] /Encoding 189 0 R /BaseFont /HIILMF+BGsddV01 /FontDescriptor 183 0 R /ToUnicode 190 0 R >> endobj 185 0 obj << /Type /Encoding /Differences [ 1/S/U/B/C/O/M/I/T /E/space/N/W/R/H/P/comma /A/D/F/G/L ] >> endobj 187 0 obj << /Type /Encoding /Differences [ 1/parenleft ] >> endobj 189 0 obj << /Type /Encoding /Differences [ 1/AE ] >> endobj 186 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 338 >> stream HT=o0w~ō:`HXV5mvdȐ_^s|8O(9DM籿yTuSMW 8qwrMOEş8;|i'[K_fp w&RTdk5US zI[ʰܕPBg%"KYleS٦A6iiAg^[GN@K "dæPCb `Xh+ > stream HT=0 -7! rݵ`hd#;C7H zx_Yl\qbozL08l.8:Uu&=Io1i*Ř],Շ\8Ev4GC?p )C%{zBoxQ[AdM#B#U{oH$.}|6R֛S+pnfl9yT28ׯeO2iK endstream endobj 190 0 obj << /Filter /FlateDecode /Length 213 >> stream HTn0 w?$edx u]hC@L <+9@%#@؛ ,c33@:ͤ טphPוbL|6Z{S~ah՟:C?p )C%ڝ{=!(n-Ơ 5$=p_2 \y9[N^2 +bY`Hi\ endstream endobj 1 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /Resources 3 0 R /Contents 2 0 R >> endobj 15 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /Resources 17 0 R /Contents 16 0 R >> endobj 20 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /Resources 22 0 R /Contents 21 0 R >> endobj 23 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /Resources 25 0 R /Contents 24 0 R >> endobj 26 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /Resources 28 0 R /Contents 27 0 R >> endobj 30 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /Resources 32 0 R /Contents 31 0 R >> endobj 33 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /Resources 35 0 R /Contents 34 0 R >> endobj 36 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /Resources 38 0 R /Contents 37 0 R >> endobj 39 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /Resources 41 0 R /Contents 40 0 R >> endobj 43 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 11 0 R /Resources 45 0 R /Contents 44 0 R >> endobj 46 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 51 0 R /Resources 48 0 R /Contents 47 0 R >> endobj 52 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 51 0 R /Resources 54 0 R /Contents 53 0 R >> endobj 55 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 51 0 R /Resources 57 0 R /Contents 56 0 R >> endobj 58 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 51 0 R /Resources 60 0 R /Contents 59 0 R >> endobj 61 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 51 0 R /Resources 63 0 R /Contents 62 0 R >> endobj 64 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 51 0 R /Resources 66 0 R /Contents 65 0 R >> endobj 67 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 51 0 R /Resources 69 0 R /Contents 68 0 R >> endobj 70 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 51 0 R /Resources 72 0 R /Contents 71 0 R >> endobj 73 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 51 0 R /Resources 75 0 R /Contents 74 0 R >> endobj 76 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 51 0 R /Resources 78 0 R /Contents 77 0 R >> endobj 79 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources 81 0 R /Contents 80 0 R >> endobj 83 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources 85 0 R /Contents 84 0 R >> endobj 86 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources 88 0 R /Contents 87 0 R >> endobj 89 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources 91 0 R /Contents 90 0 R >> endobj 92 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources 94 0 R /Contents 93 0 R >> endobj 96 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources 98 0 R /Contents 97 0 R >> endobj 99 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources 101 0 R /Contents 100 0 R >> endobj 102 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources 104 0 R /Contents 103 0 R >> endobj 105 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources 107 0 R /Contents 106 0 R >> endobj 108 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 82 0 R /Resources 110 0 R /Contents 109 0 R >> endobj 111 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 114 0 R /Resources 113 0 R /Contents 112 0 R >> endobj 115 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 114 0 R /Resources 117 0 R /Contents 116 0 R >> endobj 118 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 114 0 R /Resources 120 0 R /Contents 119 0 R >> endobj 121 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 114 0 R /Resources 123 0 R /Contents 122 0 R >> endobj 124 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 114 0 R /Resources 126 0 R /Contents 125 0 R >> endobj 127 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 114 0 R /Resources 129 0 R /Contents 128 0 R >> endobj 130 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 114 0 R /Resources 132 0 R /Contents 131 0 R >> endobj 133 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 114 0 R /Resources 135 0 R /Contents 134 0 R >> endobj 136 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 114 0 R /Resources 138 0 R /Contents 137 0 R >> endobj 139 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 114 0 R /Resources 141 0 R /Contents 140 0 R >> endobj 142 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 145 0 R /Resources 144 0 R /Contents 143 0 R >> endobj 146 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 145 0 R /Resources 148 0 R /Contents 147 0 R >> endobj 149 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 145 0 R /Resources 151 0 R /Contents 150 0 R >> endobj 152 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 145 0 R /Resources 154 0 R /Contents 153 0 R >> endobj 155 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 145 0 R /Resources 157 0 R /Contents 156 0 R >> endobj 158 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 145 0 R /Resources 160 0 R /Contents 159 0 R >> endobj 161 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 145 0 R /Resources 163 0 R /Contents 162 0 R >> endobj 164 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 145 0 R /Resources 166 0 R /Contents 165 0 R >> endobj 167 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 145 0 R /Resources 169 0 R /Contents 168 0 R >> endobj 11 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [1 0 R 15 0 R 20 0 R 23 0 R 26 0 R 30 0 R 33 0 R 36 0 R 39 0 R 43 0 R] /Count 10 /Parent 50 0 R >> endobj 51 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [46 0 R 52 0 R 55 0 R 58 0 R 61 0 R 64 0 R 67 0 R 70 0 R 73 0 R 76 0 R] /Count 10 /Parent 50 0 R >> endobj 82 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [79 0 R 83 0 R 86 0 R 89 0 R 92 0 R 96 0 R 99 0 R 102 0 R 105 0 R 108 0 R] /Count 10 /Parent 50 0 R >> endobj 114 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [111 0 R 115 0 R 118 0 R 121 0 R 124 0 R 127 0 R 130 0 R 133 0 R 136 0 R 139 0 R] /Count 10 /Parent 50 0 R >> endobj 145 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [142 0 R 146 0 R 149 0 R 152 0 R 155 0 R 158 0 R 161 0 R 164 0 R 167 0 R] /Count 9 /Parent 50 0 R >> endobj 50 0 obj << /Type /Pages /Kids [11 0 R 51 0 R 82 0 R 114 0 R 145 0 R ] /Count 49 /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] >> endobj 191 0 obj << /Dt (D:20021104145343) /JTM (Distiller) >> endobj 192 0 obj /This endobj 193 0 obj << /CP (Distiller) /Fi 192 0 R >> endobj 194 0 obj << /R [ 2400.000 2400.000 ]>> endobj 195 0 obj << /JTF 0 /MB [ 0.000 0.000 612.000 792.000 ]/R 194 0 R /W [ 0 48 ]>> endobj 196 0 obj << /Fi [ 193 0 R ]/P [ 195 0 R ]>> endobj 197 0 obj << /Dm [ 612.000 792.000 612.000 792.000 ]>> endobj 198 0 obj << /Me 197 0 R >> endobj 199 0 obj << /D [ 196 0 R ]/MS 198 0 R /Type /JobTicketContents >> endobj 200 0 obj << /A [ 191 0 R ]/Cn [ 199 0 R ]/V 1.100 >> endobj 201 0 obj << /Type /Catalog /Pages 50 0 R /JT 200 0 R >> endobj 202 0 obj << /CreationDate (D:20021104145343) /Producer (Acrobat Distiller 4.05 for Windows) /Creator (ACOMP.exe V010 11-MAY-2000) /Title (82407) >> endobj xref 0 203 0000000000 65535 f 0000409927 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n 0000002477 00000 n 0000401950 00000 n 0000402047 00000 n 0000402753 00000 n 0000403441 00000 n 0000403699 00000 n 0000371039 00000 n 0000371143 00000 n 0000414127 00000 n 0000002627 00000 n 0000003043 00000 n 0000003717 00000 n 0000410008 00000 n 0000004391 00000 n 0000007061 00000 n 0000403877 00000 n 0000404755 00000 n 0000410092 00000 n 0000007181 00000 n 0000008941 00000 n 0000410176 00000 n 0000009060 00000 n 0000009363 00000 n 0000410260 00000 n 0000009459 00000 n 0000014547 00000 n 0000405457 00000 n 0000410344 00000 n 0000014690 00000 n 0000020101 00000 n 0000410428 00000 n 0000020220 00000 n 0000025193 00000 n 0000410512 00000 n 0000025312 00000 n 0000031373 00000 n 0000410596 00000 n 0000031492 00000 n 0000036625 00000 n 0000406152 00000 n 0000410680 00000 n 0000036756 00000 n 0000042092 00000 n 0000410764 00000 n 0000042211 00000 n 0000048818 00000 n 0000406941 00000 n 0000414832 00000 n 0000414264 00000 n 0000410848 00000 n 0000048950 00000 n 0000054894 00000 n 0000410932 00000 n 0000055014 00000 n 0000061664 00000 n 0000411016 00000 n 0000061784 00000 n 0000067703 00000 n 0000411100 00000 n 0000067823 00000 n 0000074462 00000 n 0000411184 00000 n 0000074582 00000 n 0000080959 00000 n 0000411268 00000 n 0000081079 00000 n 0000088414 00000 n 0000411352 00000 n 0000088534 00000 n 0000095746 00000 n 0000411436 00000 n 0000095866 00000 n 0000102750 00000 n 0000411520 00000 n 0000102870 00000 n 0000109727 00000 n 0000411604 00000 n 0000109847 00000 n 0000119470 00000 n 0000414402 00000 n 0000411688 00000 n 0000119590 00000 n 0000128817 00000 n 0000411772 00000 n 0000128937 00000 n 0000136086 00000 n 0000411856 00000 n 0000136218 00000 n 0000146292 00000 n 0000411940 00000 n 0000146424 00000 n 0000158383 00000 n 0000407731 00000 n 0000412024 00000 n 0000158515 00000 n 0000170753 00000 n 0000412108 00000 n 0000170897 00000 n 0000182377 00000 n 0000412194 00000 n 0000182510 00000 n 0000195514 00000 n 0000412281 00000 n 0000195647 00000 n 0000207466 00000 n 0000412368 00000 n 0000207599 00000 n 0000218421 00000 n 0000412455 00000 n 0000218566 00000 n 0000228968 00000 n 0000414543 00000 n 0000412543 00000 n 0000229101 00000 n 0000241695 00000 n 0000412631 00000 n 0000241828 00000 n 0000253430 00000 n 0000412719 00000 n 0000253575 00000 n 0000263402 00000 n 0000412807 00000 n 0000263535 00000 n 0000271497 00000 n 0000412895 00000 n 0000271618 00000 n 0000279525 00000 n 0000412983 00000 n 0000279646 00000 n 0000287114 00000 n 0000413071 00000 n 0000287235 00000 n 0000294752 00000 n 0000413159 00000 n 0000294873 00000 n 0000302367 00000 n 0000413247 00000 n 0000302488 00000 n 0000309745 00000 n 0000413335 00000 n 0000309866 00000 n 0000317952 00000 n 0000414692 00000 n 0000413423 00000 n 0000318073 00000 n 0000324955 00000 n 0000413511 00000 n 0000325076 00000 n 0000331576 00000 n 0000413599 00000 n 0000331697 00000 n 0000339043 00000 n 0000413687 00000 n 0000339164 00000 n 0000346308 00000 n 0000413775 00000 n 0000346429 00000 n 0000354013 00000 n 0000413863 00000 n 0000354134 00000 n 0000361194 00000 n 0000413951 00000 n 0000361315 00000 n 0000367112 00000 n 0000414039 00000 n 0000367233 00000 n 0000370905 00000 n 0000408522 00000 n 0000371248 00000 n 0000371843 00000 n 0000382420 00000 n 0000382719 00000 n 0000384619 00000 n 0000384890 00000 n 0000386827 00000 n 0000387056 00000 n 0000387985 00000 n 0000388420 00000 n 0000396930 00000 n 0000397279 00000 n 0000401439 00000 n 0000401654 00000 n 0000408701 00000 n 0000408940 00000 n 0000408811 00000 n 0000409352 00000 n 0000408879 00000 n 0000409640 00000 n 0000414947 00000 n 0000415010 00000 n 0000415034 00000 n 0000415085 00000 n 0000415132 00000 n 0000415219 00000 n 0000415271 00000 n 0000415333 00000 n 0000415368 00000 n 0000415443 00000 n 0000415504 00000 n 0000415568 00000 n trailer << /Size 203 /Root 201 0 R /Info 202 0 R /ID [] >> startxref 415726 %%EOF