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铆钉关节

USAF RC-135V/W RIVET联合监视飞机配备了广泛的精致情报收集设备，使军事专家可以监视对手的电子活动。由于延伸的“猪鼻子”和“猪脸颊”，这架飞机也被称为“ RJ”。铆钉关节在1990年代被广泛使用 - 在沙漠风暴，海地的占领期间，最近一次是在波斯尼亚。使用自动和手动设备，电子和情报专家可以精确定位，记录和分析电磁频谱中所做的很多事情。1999年末，加入了转换后的C-135B，14架铆钉关节飞机的车队增加到15架。喷气式飞机的转换耗资约9000万美元。

基本角色包括：

• 提供有关敌人的位置和意图的迹象以及威胁活动的警告
• 广播各种直接语音通信。最高优先级是战斗咨询广播和即将直接发送给危险中的飞机的威胁警告
• 操作数据和语音链接以向我们的基于地面的空气防御提供目标信息

这铆钉关节aircraft are capable of conducting ELINT and COMINT intercept operations against targets at ranges of up to 240 kilometers [in contrast to the 280 kilometer intercept range of the higher-flying U-2].

由内布拉斯州空军基地第55翼运营的铆钉联合飞机为剧院指挥官和战斗部队提供了直接的，接近实时的侦察信息和电子战支持。为了支持第55位，第95侦察中队在米尔登霍尔（Mildenhall）外面运作，并为飞行员和导航员提供飞机。第488情报中队为在飞机后部工作的情报人员提供了。自1995年12月21日至1996年5月的联合努力开始以来，第95和第488小时飞行了625小时和72架，以支持波斯尼亚 - 黑塞哥维那的维持和平行动。

Rivet联合（RC-135V/W）是一个可加油的剧院资产，具有全国任务优先级。它收集，分析，报告和利用敌人的BM/C4I。ReportsReports在大多数意外事件中，它都以TACS的空降元素（AWAC，ABCCC，联合明星等）部署到运营剧院，并根据需要通过Datalinks和Soice连接到飞机。飞机具有安全的UHF，VHF，HF和SATCOM通信。通过战术数字信息链接tadil/a或通过卫星和战术信息广播服务（TIBS）（TIBS）将精致的情报数据从铆钉关节转移到AWAC，这是一个几乎实时的剧院信息广播。

Upgrades

1997年2月12日，洛克希德·马丁公司桑德斯（Sanders联合SIGINT航空电子家庭（JSAF）低频带子系统（LBSS）。主要分包商包括:基数技术, Inc. of Mountain View, Calif.; Applied Signal Technologies (APSG) of Sunnyvale, Calif.; and TRW System Integration Group, also of Sunnyvale. Radix will provide radio frequency (RF) and digital signal processing subsystems; APSG will develop special signal processing subsystems; and TRW will be responsible for high speed networking and computing subsystems. The JSAF low band subsystem is a platform-independent, modular, reconfigurable suite of hardware and software that can address multiple mission scenarios aboard a variety of aircraft. It will significantly enhance the ability of reconnaissance platforms to detect and locate modern enemy communications systems and provide real time intelligence on enemy intentions and capabilities to the warfighter. Initially, JSAF LBSS will be deployed on U.S. Air Force RC-135 Rivet Joint aircraft and other special Air Force platforms as well as the U.S. Army's RC-7 (Airborne Reconnaissance Low) and the U.S. Navy's EP-3 aircraft. JSAF LBSS will also be capable of deployment on unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) in the future. JSAF collection systems intercept, exploit, and report on modern modulation and low probability of detection communications and radar signals. It permits the collection of signals in the presence of co-channel interfering signals, and provides interoperability between primary DOD airborne collection platforms, establishing the infrastructure to support near-real-time exchange of information for rapid signal geolocation and targeting. Provide compliance with DOD directed Joint Airborne SIGINT Architecture (JASA). Current aircraft architecture and collection system have insufficient capability to intercept modern modulation and low probability of detection communications and radar signals. System requires improvements to accurately measure signal polarization and angle of arrival to the required accuracy, and to process signals in the presence of co-channel interfering signals. DOD airborne collection platforms do not operate under a common architecture and are limited in their ability to exchange data among platforms for the purpose of rapid signal triangulation for geolocation and targeting. Four aircraft undergo PDM per year. Current funding in FY01/02 only supports JSAF modification for three of the four aircraft during those years. Result will be 2 different aircraft configurations moving thorugh PDM. The impact includes dual qualified aircrews, split logistics, increased training, increased cost for "out-of-cycle" modification.

这Rivet联合空降Sigint建筑（JASA）高带子系统（HBSS）升级procures and installs upgrades to the RIVET JOINT's high band antennas, RF distribution network, and software to intercept, exploit, and report on modern modulation and low probability of detection communications and radar signals. It permits the collection of signals in the presence of co-channel interfering signals, and provides interoperability between primary DOD airborne collection platforms, establishing the infrastructure to support near-real-time exchange of information for rapid signal geolocation and targeting. Provide compliance with DOD directed Joint Airborne SIGINT Architecture (JASA). The JSAF CRD (CAF 002-88 Joint CAF -USA, USN, USMC CAPSTONE Requirements Document for JOINT SIGINT AVIONICS FAMILY) requires all airborne reconnaissance aircraft to migrate to JASA compliance by 2010. Current aircraft architecture and collection system have insufficient capability to intercept modern modulation and low probability of detection communications and radar signals. System requires improvements to accurately measure signal polarization and angle of arrival to the required accuracy, and to process signals in the presence of co-channel interfering signals. DOD airborne collection platforms do not operate under a common architecture and are limited in their ability to exchange data among platforms for the purpose of rapid signal triangulation for geolocation and targeting.

这铆钉接头SHF高增益可通道的光束天线升级Iwill procure and install a new antenna array in the cheek to provide increased sensitivity and signal separation for selected frequency bands. It provides an increased number of steerable beams in bands that currently have steerable beams, and provides steerable beams in bands not currently steerable beam capable. Increases the number of signals that can be processed simultaneously and increases signal selectivity against co-channel signals. Increasing number of low power signals and increased signal density have decreased the ability to collect tasked targets due to co-channel signal interference. Antenna improvements permit deeper target penetration against low power emitters or increased standoff ranges. The current SHF antenna array does not provide the sensitivity or selectivity required to collect low power or co-channel signals, reducing probability of intercept.

这铆钉关节高频（HF）方向发现（DF）系统在铆钉接头上采购并安装十个元素HF阵列天线，以提供HF DF功能。升级Sigint Avionics家族（JSAF）低潮子系统（LBSS）接收器以处理HF DF。当前的铆钉关节HF能力仅限于长线天线。该配置支持信号接收，但不支持HF DF。该飞机的任务是执行所有军事重要信号的搜索，分类，收集和DF。此任务包括HF频段中的信号。没有HF DF，在这个日益显着的频段中，飞机将继续没有DF能力。需要一个十个元素HF天线阵列和接收器升级来执行HF DF操作。如果没有安装十个元素HF天线阵列，铆钉接头将无法满足HF频段中DF信号的要求。

这铆钉关节360 o搜索，获取和指导查找系统采购并安装一个旨在搜索，获取和DF发射器的圆形天线阵列和接收器系统。天线将安装在飞机底侧上的中心线。天线输出将路由到专用于360的新接收器 o截距。接收器输出将路由到现有处理器进行开发。提出的强度将保留当前系统的高灵敏度和地理位置精度，同时添加专门针对360的额外天线阵列和接收器 o覆盖范围。Rivet联合目前无法满足整个360的搜索，获取和DF发射器的长期要求 o。这current radar acquisition and DF systems have a limited field of view, restricted to 120 o在飞机的每一侧。此外，操作员只能选择一侧或另一侧。飞机通常用于需要更大的天线视野的轨道，通常是从飞机的两侧或鼻子和尾部。机组人员目前通过从一侧到另一侧进行天线选择以及更换飞机标题来完成此任务。这些策略提供了顺序的，而不是同时探讨目标区域，并构成了缺少短时和低差异发射器的显着概率。

铆钉联合宽带视线数据链接在飞机上采购，安装和集成了宽带数据链接终端。Datalink将具有视线能力。Datalink将与地面管道资产互操作，以进行数据交换和开发。允许对无人机传感器的空降剥削。提供了合作方向查找的能力，用于接近瞬时目标地理位置。允许机组人员借鉴剧情报中心数据库和处理能力。提供剧院资产之间的近实时相互作用，增加了拦截目标的可能性，并提高了目标位置的地理位置准确性。空降侦察平台需要宽带数据链接以在平台之间进行交互，以便提供高可能性检测的可能性，提供准确，及时的目标地理位置，利用剧院的Atabase和处理能力来利用稳健的信号，并允许空气寄生能够访问无人机传感器数据。没有此升级，Rivet联合飞机将无法在剧院内侦察平台之间交换数据，并利用基于CONUS的国家资产来交换数据，合作地进行地理位置目标以及在近实时实现强大的目标。

铆钉联合操作员工作站升级采购和安装高分辨率操作员显示器以改善目标检测和信号识别。宽带光纤基础音频分布网络给所有操作员。宽带，高容量COTS录音机。高容量，数字，重编程，宽带解调器和处理器。当前的显示分辨率不足以允许对现代调制目标信号的准确信号检测和识别。当前的几个目标发射器超过了当前音频分布系统的带有频段，从而导致音频输出不可或缺。将几个接收器输出路由到特定的操作员位置，从而限制了响应剧院驱动的动态目标环境的灵活性。当前记录器的带宽和容量超过了新兴的宽带现代调制目标发射器。当前信号解调器的带宽和容量超过了新兴的宽带现代调制目标发射器。当前的解调器不可重编程。 It is expensive and time consuming to reconfigure them to process different target emitters.

相关程序

Sources and Methods

• 附件F共同解决方案/概念清单（U）空军任务区计划（地图）[as of 11 July 1997 - Rev 10] - Detailed and comprehensive Air Combat Command descriptions of weapon system modernization efforts required to satisfy known needs.

• Air Force RC-135 fleet to fly with new enginesAFMC新闻服务5-29-98
• 新飞机到达，增强任务能力第55翼公共事务1999年10月19日（ACCNS） - 这里的第55翼为14年10月的舰队增加了一架新的侦察飞机。该喷射是分配给第55 wg的第15 rc-135铆钉接头。

• RC-135V和RC-135W铆钉接头罗伯特·霍普金斯（Robert S. Hopkins），iii
• 这Boeing KC-135 More Than Just a Tanker英格兰莱斯特的Aerofax/Midland Publishing- 1997年10月31日 - 罗伯特·霍普金斯（Robert S. Hopkins），iii

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