保密新闻
从FAS项目的政府秘密项目
2004年第38卷
2004年4月21日

克服国会研究服务的秘密

Despite the stubborn opposition of some government officials, public access to reports of the Congressional Research Service (CRS) continues to grow.

ReportsReports根据新联盟最近的一项调查，国会研究服务（CRS）的报告被确定为“十大最受欢迎的”的政府文件，但不仅可以访问公众OpenThegoveNment.org.。

But current congressional leaders like Rep. Bob Ney (R-OH) of the House Committee on House Administration actively oppose allowing direct public access to CRS reports. A formal change to ease the restrictions on CRS publication policy will probably have to await the arrival of a new and different Congress that is more committed to openness and accountability.

与此同时，可以割断并部分地破坏国会保密政策。几个最近的CRS报告现在在线首次提供，ReportsReports如下所述。

大会明显不希望美国人阅读这些报告的事实给他们一定的比萨，并且实际上可能会吸引新的读者来这些清醒的政策分析。ReportsReports

THE POLICE FUNCTION IN PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS (CRS)

“维持和平和相关稳定行动中最重要和最艰难的任务之一是为外国维和人员和土着人口创造一个安全稳定的环境。”

伊拉克的警报安全局势说明了这一点。

The possibility of establishing a deployable United Nations civilian police corps to support international peacekeeping operations, the available alternatives, and the challenges involved were examined at length in a recently updated Congressional Research Service report.

参见“维持和平和相关稳定运营的政策：问题和提议解决方案”，2004年3月30日（58页）：

FOREIGN BALLISTIC AND CRUISE MISSILE PROGRAMS (CRS)

“目前全世界的弹道和巡航导弹库存和[他们]对美国国家安全政策的影响”是基于开放来源的另一个新更新的国会研究服务报告的主题。

参见“导弹调查：外国的弹道和巡航导弹，2004年3月5日（42页）：

美国核武器政策和力量结构（CRS）

CRS在一份报告中概述了美国核武器政策，部队结构和基础设施，突出了“变革和连续性地区”。

See "U.S. Nuclear Weapons: Changes in Policy and Force Structure," updated February 23, 2004 (50 pages):

拉时代揭开了美国雷诺兹的根源

An extraordinary two-part series in the Los Angeles Times this week examined the questionable roots of the 1953 Supreme Court decision United States v. Reynolds, in which the Court affirmed the "state secrets privilege" and permitted the government to withhold documents regarding a 1948 aircraft crash.

当时法院在没有挑战政府的论点的情况下，披露文件将在危险中放置“国家秘密”。但是在50年后的那些记录的解放后，没有识别出这样的秘密。原告现已争辩，原始政府案件是欺诈性的。

In his LA Times series, virtuoso reporter Barry Siegel turned over every relevant rock and interviewed every relevant participant in an effort to understand their perspectives and experiences. He produced an exceptional piece of work that is both probing and empathetic.

See "The Secret of the B29" by Barry Siegel, Los Angeles Times, April 18 and 19, with supporting documents, here:

这一说，1953年雷诺兹案“产生了”国家秘密特权，这并不严格纠正，因为今天的洛杉矶时报是洛杉矶时报。（秘密新闻几个月前就制作了类似的错误断言。）在最高法院之前，特权已经存在很长时间。

在现在出现的情况下，过去也不会影响国家秘密的过去，目前或未来的申请，这是现在的1953年雷诺兹决定基于虚假地位。

But what should be called into question is the expanding doctrine of judicial deference, under which judges rely uncritically on the untested assertions of government witnesses. That is where the Reynolds Court went astray.

Selected case files from the continuing dispute over the 1953 Reynolds ruling, which is now being litigated in the eastern district of Pennsylvania, may be found here:

国内情报和公民自由

The problem of information sharing between the CIA and the FBI, and the so-called "wall" between law enforcement and intelligence, are analyzed by Kate Martin of the Center for National Security Studies in a new journal article.

"The 'wall' metaphor is shorthand for the recognition that separate authorities govern law enforcement and foreign intelligence investigations against Americans. Those authorities, written to prevent political spying by the FBI and CIA, always recognized that international terrorism was both a law enforcement and intelligence matter and provided for sharing information between the two communities. The 9/11 failures to share information cannot be laid at the feet of the law."

“虽然需要更好的信息和分析来打击恐怖主义，但有理由担心将国内反恐转变为智慧物质，不太可能显着增加安全性，但会严重威胁公民自由。”

Instead of a new domestic intelligence agency, she proposes "an alternative approach that will serve to obtain the intelligence necessary to prevent catastrophic attacks without compromising civil liberties."

看到“国内情报和公民自由”Kate Martin, SAIS Review, Winter-Spring 2004:

COORDINATING US COUNTERTERRORISM ANALYSIS

参与分析恐怖主义威胁的若干机构的责任分工在4月13日给国会的信中。

恐怖主义威胁整合中心（TTIC）“在[美国政府]对恐怖主义分析中的主要责任（除了纯粹的家庭恐怖主义而言），并负责向总统和其他人提供的日常恐怖主义分析高级政策制定者。“

"We presume that all terrorism information has a link to international terrorism unless determined otherwise," the letter stated.

去年参议员Susan M. Collins和Carl Levin的询问回复了询问。它是俄罗斯州罗伯特S. Mueller（FBI），George Tenet（DCI）和John O.Brennan（TTIC）签署的。此处可提供副本：

安全许可互惠缩短

由一个政府机构授予的安全许可应该是“所有机构相互和相互接受”。然而，通常，它不是。

“虽然互惠政策令人沮丧的冗余调查和重新裁决，但行政机关中的一半以上的受访者表示，他们经常要求进行审查的背景调查，”从而向各个新的研究增加了几周或数月，为此进行了一项新的研究国防部发现。

Also, "There are differences of opinion among executive branch agencies about the reliability of polygraph testing, and these differences prevent mandating reciprocity of polygraph testing across all federal agencies." Willingness to accept the results of another agency's polygraph test often varies from one intelligence agency or special access program to another, the opposite of reciprocity. "The imposition of repeated polygraph testing on persons moving between [intelligence] agencies... was seen as a cost to be borne by the individuals, and by the federal government, for security."

The new study, published by the Defense Personnel Research Center, provides a rare and interesting glimpse into the peculiar workings of the personnel security clearance system.

凯瑟琳L. Herbig和Peter R. Nelson的“互惠互惠：进度报告”，2004年4月：

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